Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
  • J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
  • F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
  • J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleObsolete Names for ICS UnitsCretaceous SubepochsDevonian of CzechoslovakiaNorth American Mammal Subages/ZonesMesozoic SubagesSouth American Land Mammal AgesSilurian of EnglandPermian of the Russian PlatformAmmonite Chrons of Northwest EuropeCarboniferous of China
QuaternaryPleistoceneLate PleistoceneSheridanianLujanian0.0117
Chibanian0.129
Cudahyan/Sappan0.21
Ensenadan0.3 *
Calabrian0.774
Senecan/Rexroadian1.4
SanandresianUquian †1.7 *
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianTertiary †Vorohuean2.58
Chapadmalalan2.9 *
Zanclean3.6
Montehermosan3.7 *
Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian4.7
Huayquerian4.9 *
MioceneMessinian5.333
Tortonian7.246
Chasicoan7.9 *
Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian9.4
Mayoan9.9 *
Laventan10.9 *
Serravallian11.63
late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian12.5
Colloncuran13.7 *
Langhian13.82
Friasian15.4 *
Burdigalian15.98
Santacrucian16.2 *
Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian16.3
Colhuehuapian17.4 *
late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early ArikareeanHarrisonian18.5
Aquitanian20.44
Deseadan20.9 *
PaleogeneOligoceneChattian23.03
Monroecreekian23.1 *
Geringian24.7 *
Rupelian27.82
Tinguirirican28.9 *
29.5
EocenePriabonianLate Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian33.9
Divisaderan35.9 *
37
Bartonian37.71
Late Uintan/Early Uintan39.7
Lutetian41.2
Mustersan41.9 *
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian46.2
Ypresian47.8
Casamayoran47.9 *
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean50.5
Cf3/Cf2/Cf154.9
PaleoceneThanetianRiochican56
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti156.2
Itaboraian56.9 *
Peligran58.9 *
Selandian59.2
To3/To2/To160.9
Danian61.6
Tiupampan62.4 *
Pu3/Pu2/Pu163.8
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianSenonianLate Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian66
CampanianLate Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian72.1
SantonianLate Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian83.6
ConiacianLate Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian86.3
TuronianLate Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian89.8
CenomanianLate Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbianGallicLate Albian100.5
Middle Albian106.2 *
Early Albian109.9 *
AptianLate Aptian113
Early Aptian119.5 *
BarremianLate Barremian/Early Barremian121.4
HauterivianNeocomianLate Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian125.77
ValanginianLate Valanginian/Early Valanginian132.6
BerriasianLate Berriasian139.8
Middle Berriasian140.6 *
Early Berriasian142.7 *
JurassicLate JurassicTithonianLate TithonianMiddle Tithonian145
Early Tithonian146.3 *
KimmeridgianLate Kimmeridgian149.2
Early Kimmeridgian152.2 *
OxfordianLate OxfordianMiddle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian154.8
157.9 *
Middle JurassicCallovianLate Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian161.5
BathonianLate Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian165.3
BajocianLate BajocianParkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites168.2
Humphresianum168.4
Early Bajocian168.6 *
AalenianLate Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early AalenianConcavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum170.9
Early JurassicToarcianLate ToarcianLevesquei/Variabilis/BifronsThouarsense174.7
180.1
Middle Toarcian180.4 *
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum182
Early Toarcian182.9 *
PliensbachianLate Pliensbachian/Early PliensbachianSpinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni184.2
SinemurianLate Sinemurian/Early SinemurianRaricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi192.9
HettangianLate Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early HettangianAngulata/Liasicus/Planorbis199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
NorianSevatian208.5
Alaunian213.2 *
Lacian216.7 *
CarnianTuvalian227
Julian233.4 *
Middle TriassicLadinianLongobardian237
Fassanian239.7 *
AnisianIllyrian242
Pelsonian243.8 *
Bithynian244.7 *
Aegean245.5 *
Early TriassicOlenekianSpathian247.2
Smithian248.9 *
InduanDienerian251.2
Griesbachian251.4 *
PermianLopingianChanghsingian251.902
WuchiapingianLongtanian †254.14
TatarianVyatkian256.8 *
GuadalupianCapitanianSeverodvinian259.51
WordianUrzhumian264.28
RoadianKazanianPovolzhian266.9
Sokian270.7 *
CisuralianKungurianKungurianIrenian/Ufimian273.01
Filipovian276.5 *
Saraninian280.1 *
ArtinskianArtinskianSarginian283.5
Irginian285.9 *
Burtsevian287.8 *
SakmarianSakmarianSterlitamakian290.1
Tastubian291.7 *
AsselianAsselianShikhanian293.52
Uskalykian294.8
Surenian297.5
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelian298.9
Xiaodushanian300 *
Kasimovian303.7
Dalaun305.8 *
Moscovian307
Bashkirian315.2
Huashibanian318.5 *
Lousuan321.2 *
MississippianSerpukhovianDewunian323.2
Shangsian330.8 *
Visean330.9
Jiusian335 *
TournaisianTangbagouan346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennian358.9
Frasnian372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianSrbsko382.7
EifelianChotec387.7
Early DevonianEmsianDaleje/Zlichovian393.3
PragianPragian407.6
LochkovianLochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoliRed Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton CastleWhitcliffe/Leintwardine419.2
Bringewood/Elton421.3
LudlowLudfordianCoalbrookdaleWenlock (England)/Tickwood423
Gorstian425.6
Buildwas426.4 *
WenlockHomerian427.4
WychWoolhope428.4 *
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychian433.4
436.3 *
Aeronian438.5
Cowleigh Park439.3 *
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantian443.8
Katian445.2
Sandbian453
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilian458.4
Dapingian467.3
Early OrdovicianFloian470
Tremadocian477.7
CambrianFurongianStage 10485.4
Jiangshanian489.5
Paibian494
MiaolingianGuzhangianSeries 3 †497
Drumian500.5
WuliuanStage 5 †504.5
509