PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian of North America		South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene		Sheridanian									Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene		Sheridanian											0.129
								Cudahyan/Sappan											0.21
																	Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene													0.774
								Senecan/Rexroadian											1.4
																	Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian															Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Late Pliocene	Villanyian										Vorohuean		2.58
							Villanyian										Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
							Ruscinian												3.1 *
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene													3.6
																	Montehermosan		3.7 *
								Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian									Montehermosan		4.7
																	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene	Turolian												5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
																	Chasicoan		7.9 *
							Vallesian												8.7
								Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian											9.4
																	Mayoan		9.9 *
																	Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene	Astaracian												11.63
								late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian											12.5
																	Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian															Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian															Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene	Orleanian										Friasian		15.98
																	Santacrucian		16.2 *
								Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									Santacrucian		16.3
								Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
								late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian										18.5
							Agenian												20
		Aquitanian																	20.44
		Aquitanian															Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene													23.03
									Monroecreekian										23.1 *
									Geringian										24.7 *
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene													27.82
																	Tinguirirican		28.9 *
																			29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene		Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian											33.9
								Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian									Divisaderan		35.9 *
																			37
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene													37.71
		Bartonian						Late Uintan/Early Uintan											39.7
		Lutetian																	41.2
																	Mustersan		41.9 *
								Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian											46.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene													47.8
																	Casamayoran		47.9 *
								Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean											50.5
										Cf3/Cf2/Cf1									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1							Riochican		56
										Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							Riochican		56.2
																	Itaboraian		56.9 *
																	Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene													59.2
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene				To3/To2/To1									60.9
		Danian				Early Paleocene													61.6
																	Tiupampan		62.4 *
										Pu3/Pu2/Pu1							Tiupampan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		100.5
		Aptian		113
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian					Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian						Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
			Kralodvorian							Vormsi	449.6 *
			Berounian							Vormsi	449.7 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse				456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
									Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
			Dobrotivian											458.5 *
			Dobrotivian							Lasnamagi				458.9 *
			Oretanian							Lasnamagi				459.7 *
										Aseri				460.4 *
									Sarka †	Aseri				461.7 *
								Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
										Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †						467.3
			Arenigian												468
										Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
											Latorp †				470.1 *
										Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian							Hunneberg					477.7
										Varangu					481.3 *
										Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Pakerort	485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †				497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
																			509