PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Devonian Subages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene				Sheridanian						0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene				Sheridanian						0.129
										Cudahyan/Sappan						0.21
															Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene										0.774
										Senecan/Rexroadian						1.4
															Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian													Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian													Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Late Pliocene	Villanyian								Mangapanian	2.58
							Villanyian								Waipipian	3
							Ruscinian									3.1 *
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene										3.6
															Opoitian	3.7
										Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian					Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene	Turolian							Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian													Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian														7.246
							Vallesian									8.7
										Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						9.4
														Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene	Astaracian									11.63
										late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian						12.5
															Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian													Lillburnian	13.82
															Clifdenian	15.1
														Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene	Orleanian									15.98
										Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						16.3
										late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian					18.5
															Otaian	18.7
							Agenian									20
		Aquitanian														20.44
		Aquitanian												Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene										23.03
											Monroecreekian					23.1 *
											Geringian					24.7 *
															Duntroonian	25.2
															Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene										27.82
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene										29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian						33.9
														Arnold	Runangan	34.6
															Kaiatan	36.7
																37
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene										37.71
															Bortonian	39.1
										Late Uintan/Early Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian														41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
															Heretaungan	45.7
										Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						46.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene										47.8
															Mangaorapan	48.9
										Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					Mangaorapan	50.5
										Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					Waipawan	52
												Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			Teurian	56
		Thanetian				Late Paleocene						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				56.2
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				59.2
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene						To3/To2/To1				60.9
		Danian		Early Paleocene	61.6							To3/To2/To1
		Danian		Early Paleocene	Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata		Haumurian	66
		Campanian						Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara		Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
								Mangaotanean	90.5
								Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan	93.9
						Clarence		Ngaterian	95.2
								Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan	100.5
								Urutawan	103.3
						Taitai		Korangan	108.4
		Aptian						Korangan	113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †		Tatarian			Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian									Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian							Kazanian		Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian							Kazanian		Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
											Filipovian	276.5 *
											Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian							Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
											Irginian	285.9 *
											Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian							Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
											Uskalykian	294.8
											Surenian	297.5
											Surenian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9	Kuzel
											Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian										Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian										Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian										Cantabrian	307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
				Westphalian C	309.8
				Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B	315.2
				Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
				Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
				Alportian	322 *
				Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	323.2
				Arnsbergian	324 *
				Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		Famennian						358.9
			Middle Famennian								365.3 *
			Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian		Frasnian	372.2
			Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
			Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		Givetian	Srbsko					382.7
			Middle Givetian								383.7 *
			Early Givetian								385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian		Couvinien	Chotec					387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian			Chotec					390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian					393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian					398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian			Pragian					407.6
		Pragian	Pragian		Coblencien	Pragian					408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine	Lochkovian					410.8
			Middle Lochkovian								412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian								415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian							500.5		Marjumian
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4								Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3								Dyeran		514
										Montezuman		514.8 *
										Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
																538.8