PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Siberia		European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene									MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Late Pliocene								Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
														Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
															MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene									MN 15	3.6
															MN 14	4.2
															MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene								Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian													MN 12	7.246
															MN 11	7.75
														Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
															MN 9	9.7
															MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene								Astaracian	MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian													MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian													MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene								Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
														Orleanian	MN 3	16.9
														Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian													MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Vokhmian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							Vokhmian							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian			Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian			489.5
									Aksaian			490.7 *
									Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian				Paibian						494
											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
								Waergangian †/Youshuanian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			Middle Cambrian		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian						Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian						Drumian		Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †				Wuliuan/Taijangian		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian		Duyunian		Amgan/Solvan			509
										Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
										Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3						Nangaoian		Botomian			514
		Stage 3						Nangaoian		Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian		Tommotian			521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian									Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian						Jinnigian			Manykaian †		530.7
																538.8