PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of North America					Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ten Million Year Bins	Mesozoic Subages		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																	Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian																						0.0042
		Greenlandian																						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene																		0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene																		0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Late Pliocene																		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene																		5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene																		7.246
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene													Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene																		13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene																		15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene											MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Cenozoic 4			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene											MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	Cenozoic 4			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene											MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Cenozoic 3			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene											MP 16		Cenozoic 3			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene											MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene											MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Cenozoic 2				Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene											MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Cenozoic 1			Gashatan		56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene																		59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	Cretaceous 8	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian																	Cretaceous 7	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian																	Cretaceous 6	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian																		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian																		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian																	Cretaceous 5	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	Cretaceous 4	Late Albian				100.5
																				Middle Albian				106.2 *
																				Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian																	Cretaceous 3	Late Aptian				113
		Aptian																	Cretaceous 3	Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian																	Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian																	Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian																	Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian																		Late Berriasian				139.8
																				Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
																				Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian																	Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian																	Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian																		Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian																		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian																			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian																	Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian																		Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian																		Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian																	Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		Late Toarcian				174.7
																				Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
																				Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian																	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian																	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian																	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian																		Sevatian				208.5
																				Alaunian				213.2 *
																				Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian																	Triassic 3	Tuvalian				227
		Carnian																	Triassic 3	Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian			Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian		242
					Pelsonian		243.8 *
					Bithynian		244.7 *
					Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian		251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5				Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian						Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian		Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian		Gamachian					445.2
				Richmondian					446 *
				Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Edenian						450.4 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian						451.1 *
		Sandbian		Chatfieldian		Ordovician 4				453
				Turinian						453.7 *
			Whiterockian						Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3					458.4
		Dapingian				Ordovician 2					467.3
		Dapingian		Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean		Ordovician 1						477.7
				Stairsian								480.3 *
				Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
											Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Cambrian 5	485.4
		Stage 10	Sunwaptan													487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
						Aksaian										490.7 *
						Sakian										492.2 *
			Steptoean													493 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			Ayusokkanian					Marjumian			Albertian †		Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian											499.5
		Drumian				Mayan/Menevian											500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Amgan/Solvan				Topazan					Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †					Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Waucoban †			509
					Toyonian		Lenian †		510 *
					Toyonian				Dyeran		511 *
					Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3									Cambrian 2					514
									Montezuman							514.8 *
					Atdabanian				Montezuman							515.6 *
					Atdabanian				Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian											521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian											525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †				Cambrian 1					529
																								538.8