PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Devonian of Germany	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene						Sheridanian					0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene						Sheridanian					0.129
												Cudahyan/Sappan					0.21
											Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene											0.774
												Senecan/Rexroadian					1.4
											Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan					MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian					MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Late Pliocene					Mangapanian					MN 16	2.58
											Waipipian					MN 16	3
																MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene											3.6
											Opoitian						3.7
																MN 14	4.2
												Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				MN 14	4.7
																MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene				Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian														MN 12	7.246
																MN 11	7.75
																MN 10	8.7
												Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				MN 10	9.4
																MN 9	9.7
										Southland	Waiauan					MN 9	11.04
																MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene											11.63
												late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian					12.5
																MN 6	12.8 *
											Lillburnian					MN 6	13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian					MN 5	13.82
											Clifdenian						15.1
										Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene										MN 4	15.98
												Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				MN 4	16.3
												Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				MN 3	16.9
												late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian				18.5
											Otaian						18.7
																MN 2	20
		Aquitanian															20.44
										Landon	Waitakian						21.7
																MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene											23.03
													Monroecreekian				23.1 *
													Geringian				24.7 *
											Duntroonian						25.2
											Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene											27.82
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene											29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian					33.9
										Arnold	Runangan						34.6
											Kaiatan						36.7
																	37
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene											37.71
											Bortonian						39.1
												Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian															41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
											Heretaungan						45.7
												Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene											47.8
				Mangaorapan	48.9
				Mangaorapan	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean		50.5
				Waipawan	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean		52
				Waipawan			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene		Teurian	Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
		Thanetian		Late Paleocene			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	59.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene			To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian		Early Paleocene			To3/To2/To1	61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian					Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
							Mangaotanean		90.5
							Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan		93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
							Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan		100.5
							Urutawan		103.3
						Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian					Korangan		113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian							Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
									Planulata	179.3 *
									Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
									Kanense		181.3 *
									Carlottense		182.3 *
									Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian							Kunae		184.2
									Freboldi		185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
											Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian										192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian							Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †								298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †								303.7
		Kasimovian											305.9
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	Adorf				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian				Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian				Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian				Emsian					393.3
		Pragian						Siegen					407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju						Porkuni	443.8
		Katian											Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi							449.6 *
						Nabala							Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere							450.6 *
							Oandu							452 *
		Sandbian					Keila						Idavere †	453
							Haljala							453.9
							Kukruse							456.4 *
							Uhaku						Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku							458.4
							Lasnamagi							458.9 *
							Aseri							460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda							462.9 *
							Kunda						Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Volkhov								467.3
		Dapingian					Billingen								469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
													Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg								473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Hunneberg								477.7
							Varangu								481.3 *
							Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort						485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †		504.5
																	509