PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of the Salt Range	South American Land Mammal Ages		Silurian of England		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian Epochs	Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene				Lujanian								0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene				Lujanian								0.129
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene				Ensenadan								0.3 *
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene				Ensenadan								0.774
		Calabrian								Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian								Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Late Pliocene				Vorohuean								2.58
		Piacenzian				Late Pliocene				Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene				Chapadmalalan								3.6
										Montehermosan								3.7 *
										Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene												5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
										Chasicoan								7.9 *
										Mayoan								9.9 *
										Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene				Laventan								11.63
		Serravallian								Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian								Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian								Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene				Friasian								15.98
										Santacrucian								16.2 *
										Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
		Aquitanian								Colhuehuapian								20.44
		Aquitanian								Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene												23.03
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene												27.82
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene				Tinguirirican								28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene				Tinguirirican								33.9
		Priabonian				Late Eocene				Divisaderan								35.9 *
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene												37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Lutetian								Mustersan								41.9 *
		Ypresian				Early Eocene				Mustersan								47.8
		Ypresian				Early Eocene				Casamayoran								47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene				Riochican								56
										Itaboraian								56.9 *
										Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene												59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene												61.6
		Danian				Early Paleocene				Tiupampan								62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Lancian/Edmontonian				66
		Campanian												Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian														Epizigzagiceras		168.2
		Bajocian														Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		168.4
		Aalenian														Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta		174.7
																Planulata		179.3 *
																Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense	181.3 *
				Carlottense	182.3 *
				Kunae	183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae	184.2
				Freboldi	185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras		189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian					192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras			Psiloceras	196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
		Induan						251.2
		Induan						Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Kathwai	251.902
									252.4 *
								Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian						Chhidru	Longtanian †		254.14
								Kalabagh			255 *
								Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
											265.3 *
								Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian						Amb			266.9
		Roadian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian			Cazenovian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian				393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli									Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian										425.6
		Gorstian									Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian									Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian								Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
		Telychian										436.3 *
		Aeronian										438.5
		Aeronian								Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian								Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian											Rawtheyan	445.2
													Cautleyan	448.9 *
													Pusgillian	449.3 *
												Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
													Cheneyan		451.5 *
													Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian													453
														Actonian †	453.2 *
														Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
														Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian								456.8 *	Longvillian †
					Aurelucian								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian							470
					Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian							480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	Middle Cambrian		497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Early Cambrian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
																		538.8