PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Devonian of Germany	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic				North American Land Mammal Ages	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Saintaugustinean		0
		Meghalayan												Santarosean		0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean		0.014
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene								Rancholabrean		0.129
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene								Irvingtonian		0.21
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene								Irvingtonian		0.774
		Calabrian												Blancan		1.4
		Gelasian													MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Late Pliocene									MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian				Late Pliocene									MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene									MN 15	3.6
															MN 14	4.2
														Hemphillian	MN 14	4.7
															MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene									MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian													MN 12	7.246
															MN 11	7.75
															MN 10	8.7
														Clarendonian	MN 10	9.4
															MN 9	9.7
															MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene										11.63
														Barstovian		12.5
															MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian													MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene									MN 4	15.98
														Hemingfordian	MN 4	16.3
														Hemingfordian	MN 3	16.9
														Arikareean	MN 3	18.5
															MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian													MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene										23.03
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene										27.82
														Whitneyan		29.5
														Orellan		31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene								Chadronian		33.9
		Priabonian				Late Eocene								Duchesnean		37
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene								Duchesnean		37.71
		Bartonian												Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian												Uintan		41.2
		Lutetian												Bridgerian		46.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene								Bridgerian		47.8
														Wasatchian		50.5
														Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene								Clarkforkian		56
		Thanetian				Late Paleocene								Tiffanian		56.2
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene								Tiffanian		59.2
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene								Torrejonian		60.9
		Danian				Early Paleocene								Torrejonian		61.6
		Danian				Early Paleocene								Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian							66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic							100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian							Neocomian							125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	445.2
			Vormsi			449.6 *
			Nabala			Johvi †				450 *
			Viru						Rakvere	450.6 *
									Oandu	452 *
		Sandbian				Keila			Idavere †	453
						Haljala				453.9
						Kukruse				456.4 *
						Uhaku			Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku				458.4
						Lasnamagi				458.9 *
						Aseri				460.4 *
			Oeland			Kunda				462.9 *
				Valaste †/Hunderum		Kunda			464.3 *
						Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian				Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
				Latorp †						470.1 *
						Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Hunneberg				Ungurian	477.7
						Varangu					481.3 *
						Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort				Batyrbaian	Late Cambrian	485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
										Aksaian		490.7 *
										Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian								Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian						503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian						Stage 5 †		504.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †		505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										Early Cambrian	509
					Toyonian								510 *
					Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian								514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian								521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian					529
																538.8