PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of China	Permian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of North America	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Britain	European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene											0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene										MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Late Pliocene									Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
															Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
																MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene										MN 15	3.6
																MN 14	4.2
																MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene									Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian														MN 12	7.246
																MN 11	7.75
															Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
																MN 9	9.7
																MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene									Astaracian	MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian														MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian														MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene									Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
															Orleanian	MN 3	16.9
															Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian														MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian														MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene											33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene											37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene											41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene											56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Lancian/Edmontonian				66
		Campanian											Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian										251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian			Kuhfengian		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian							283.5
					Longlinian				285.4 *
							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian			Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
		Asselian						Nealian	Bursumian †	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian		298.9
											300.1
										Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Missourian		Stephanian A	303.7
									Missourian		Cantabrian	305 *
									Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian										307
										Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
									Atokan		Westphalian C	312.7 *
											Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian									Westphalian B	315.2
											Westphalian A	317 *
									Morrowan		Westphalian A	318.4 *
										Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
											Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
			Alportian			322 *
			Chokierian			323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chokierian			Chesterian			323.2
			Arnsbergian						324 *
			Pendleian						327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian						Brigantian †	330.9
			Warnantian			Meramecian			Brigantian †	335.8 *
			Livian						Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian						Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Moliniacian			Osagean			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian			Osagean				346.7
			Ivorian			Kinderhookian				351.9 *
			Hastarian			Kinderhookian				353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10								Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †						St Davids		Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Caerfai	Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
																	538.8