PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous of China	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian of North America		South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene			Sheridanian									Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene			Sheridanian											0.129
									Cudahyan/Sappan											0.21
																		Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene														0.774
									Senecan/Rexroadian											1.4
																		Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian																Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Late Pliocene												Vorohuean		2.58
		Piacenzian				Late Pliocene												Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene												Chapadmalalan		3.6
																		Montehermosan		3.7 *
									Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian									Montehermosan		4.7
																		Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene														5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
																		Chasicoan		7.9 *
									Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian									Chasicoan		9.4
																		Mayoan		9.9 *
																		Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene														11.63
									late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian											12.5
																		Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian																Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian																Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene												Friasian		15.98
																		Santacrucian		16.2 *
									Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									Santacrucian		16.3
									Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
									late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian										18.5
		Aquitanian																		20.44
		Aquitanian																Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene														23.03
										Monroecreekian										23.1 *
										Geringian										24.7 *
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene														27.82
																		Tinguirirican		28.9 *
																				29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene			Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian											33.9
									Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian									Divisaderan		35.9 *
																				37
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene														37.71
		Bartonian							Late Uintan/Early Uintan											39.7
		Lutetian																		41.2
																		Mustersan		41.9 *
									Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian											46.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene														47.8
																		Casamayoran		47.9 *
									Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean											50.5
											Cf3/Cf2/Cf1									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1							Riochican		56
											Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							Riochican		56.2
																		Itaboraian		56.9 *
																		Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene														59.2
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene					To3/To2/To1									60.9
		Danian				Early Paleocene														61.6
																		Tiupampan		62.4 *
											Pu3/Pu2/Pu1							Tiupampan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		100.5
		Aptian		113
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Zechstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian			Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean					Shangsian	330.9
		Visean					Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli							Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Ontarian			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian			438.7 *
			Medinan					Clinton	440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian								Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
			Kralodvorian									Vormsi	449.6 *
			Berounian									Vormsi	449.7 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
												Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Kukruse				456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
											Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
			Dobrotivian													458.5 *
			Dobrotivian									Lasnamagi				458.9 *
			Oretanian									Lasnamagi				459.7 *
												Aseri				460.4 *
											Sarka †	Aseri				461.7 *
										Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
												Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †						467.3
			Arenigian														468
												Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
				Latorp †												470.1 *
												Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian									Hunneberg				477.7
												Varangu				481.3 *
												Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Pakerort				485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †				497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
																				509