PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Russian Platform		European Faunal Units	North American Mammal Subages/Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene					Sheridanian			0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene					Sheridanian			0.129
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene					Cudahyan/Sappan			0.21
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene					Cudahyan/Sappan			0.774
		Calabrian									Senecan/Rexroadian			1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Late Pliocene				Villanyian				2.58
		Piacenzian				Late Pliocene				Ruscinian				3.1 *
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene								3.6
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene					Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene				Turolian				5.333
		Tortonian								Turolian				7.246
										Vallesian				8.7
										Vallesian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			9.4
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene				Astaracian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			11.63
		Serravallian									late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene				Orleanian				15.98
											Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			16.3
											late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		18.5
										Agenian				20
		Aquitanian								Agenian				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene								23.03
												Monroecreekian		23.1 *
												Geringian		24.7 *
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene						Geringian		27.82
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene								29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene					Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian				Late Eocene								37
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene								37.71
		Bartonian									Late Uintan/Early Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian									Late Uintan/Early Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian									Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			46.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			47.8
											Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean			50.5
													Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
		Thanetian				Late Paleocene							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	59.2
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene							To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian				Early Paleocene							To3/To2/To1	61.6
		Danian				Early Paleocene							Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Dzhulfian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Dzhulfian		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian			Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Midian			Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian			Urzhumian	266.2 *
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
					Kubergandian			Filipovian	276.5 *
					Bolorian			Filipovian	279.8
								Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
								Irginian	285.9 *
					Yakhtashian			Irginian	286
					Yakhtashian			Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
								Uskalykian	294.8
								Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian							Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian			Tavgian †				Ketyan †/Yurakian	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian									489.5
			Aksaian									490.7 *
			Sakian									492.2 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			Ayusokkanian						Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian				Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		Amgan/Solvan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Amgan/Solvan						Early Cambrian	509
						Toyonian				Lenian †			510 *
						Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian							514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian							521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †			529
														538.8