PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of Britain	European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene														0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene														0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene													MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Late Pliocene												Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
																		Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
																			MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene													MN 15	3.6
																			MN 14	4.2
																			MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene												Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian																	MN 12	7.246
																			MN 11	7.75
																		Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
																			MN 9	9.7
																			MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene												Astaracian	MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian																	MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian																	MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene												Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
																		Orleanian	MN 3	16.9
																		Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian																	MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian																	MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene														33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene														37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene														41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene														56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene														59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras													168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense													168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta													174.7
							Planulata													179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi											179.8 *
							Kanense													181.3 *
							Carlottense													182.3 *
							Kunae													183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae													184.2
							Freboldi													185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras												186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras												189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis												190.3 *
		Sinemurian		192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean							Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian							Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian			Gamachian				443.8
		Katian				Gamachian				445.2
						Richmondian				446 *
						Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian					450.4 *
			Mohawkian			Chatfieldian					451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian					453
						Turinian					453.7 *
			Whiterockian							Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Dapingian										467.3
		Dapingian				Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean							477.7
						Stairsian							480.3 *
						Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Late Cambrian	485.4
														Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		487.5
														Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian												Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian												Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian												Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	St Davids		Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai	Early Cambrian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
																				538.8