PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Permian Subages of Germany	Silurian of North America			Cambrian Epochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian of North America	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene												0.129
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene											Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene											Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian															Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian															Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian															Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Late Pliocene								Yushean			Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian				Late Pliocene											Waipipian	3
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene											Waipipian	3.6
																	Opoitian	3.7
														Baodean			Opoitian	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene										Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian															Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian															Tongaporutuan	7.246
																Southland	Waiauan	11.04
														Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene												11.63
		Serravallian															Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian												Shanwangian			Lillburnian	13.82
																	Clifdenian	15.1
																Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene												15.98
														Xiejiaan				16.9
																	Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian															Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian														Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene											Waitakian	23.03
																	Duntroonian	25.2
																	Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene												33.9
																Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																	Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene											Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian															Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian															Bortonian	41.2
																Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																	Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian				Early Eocene											Heretaungan	47.8
																	Mangaorapan	48.9
																	Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene											Teurian	56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene												59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian															Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian															Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian														Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
																	Mangaotanean	90.5
																	Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian															Arowhanan	93.9
																Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
																	Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															Motuan	100.5
																	Urutawan	103.3
																Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian															Korangan	113
		Aptian																117.5
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		168.2
		Bajocian					Humphresianum	168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		Thouarsense	174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Buntsandstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian							Leine	Wordian	264.28
		Roadian								Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian									Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian									Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian									Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian									Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
		Visean										330.9
		Tournaisian										346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan			419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran			422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian						433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan			Clinton							440.1 *
													440.7 *
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ungurian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian									Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian											Batyrbaian	489.5
													Aksaian	490.7 *
													Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian											Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †									Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian													499.5
		Drumian												Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian							503
		Wuliuan					Tuesaian	Stage 5 †						504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											Early Cambrian	509
							Toyonian							510 *
					Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian		514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian		521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian					529
																		538.8