PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Britain		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of the Pamirs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene											0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Late Pliocene											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene											5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene											7.246
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene											11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene											13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene											15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene											33.9
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene											37.71
		Lutetian						Middle Eocene											41.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene											56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian				66
		Campanian											Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
		Santonian											Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian											Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian											Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian											Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Late Albian						100.5
													Middle Albian						106.2 *
													Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian											Late Aptian						113
		Aptian											Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian											Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian											Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian											Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian											Late Berriasian						139.8
													Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
													Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian											Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian											Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian											Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian											Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian												Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian											Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian									Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian						168.2
												Humphresianum	Late Bajocian						168.4
												Humphresianum	Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian									Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Late Toarcian						174.7
													Late Toarcian						180.1
													Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Middle Toarcian						182
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian									Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian									Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian									Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian											Sevatian						208.5
													Alaunian						213.2 *
													Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian											Tuvalian						227
		Carnian											Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian	259.51
		Wordian				Midian	264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian				Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju		Porkuni	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian			Pirgu	445.2
									Richmondian				446 *
						Eastonian							449 *
												Vormsi	449.6 *
									Maysvillian			Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Maysvillian			Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
									Edenian		450.4 *	Nabala
									Edenian	Viru	Rakvere	450.6 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		Rakvere	451.1 *
						Gisbornian					Oandu	452 *
		Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †		453
									Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
											Haljala			453.9
											Kukruse			456.4 *
								Whiterockian			Kukruse		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian					Uhaku				458.4
											Lasnamagi				458.9 *
											Aseri				460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
											Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Yapeenian	467.3
					Castlemainian	468.5 *
				Rangerian		469.1 *
				Rangerian		Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †			470
				Chewtonian								Latorp †			470.1 *
				Bendigonian											471.8 *
				Lancefieldian											473.5 *
						Hunneberg									473.7 *
								Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean							477.7
								Stairsian							480.3 *
			Varangu			481.3 *		Stairsian
			Varangu			Skullrockian		Demingian †			482 *
			Pakerort								482.2 *
				Warendian							482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth				Dolgellian/Trempealeauan								485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																487.5
								Festiniogian								489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Festiniogian								489.5
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian								493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †				St Davids									497
		Drumian															500.5
		Wuliuan															Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4															Caerfai	509
	Series 2	Stage 3																514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																529
																			538.8