PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Britain		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Mesozoic Subages		Devonian of Germany	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Mammal Subages/Zones		European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Sheridanian			0.0117
		Chibanian														Sheridanian			0.129
																Cudahyan/Sappan			0.21
															Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian																	0.774
																Senecan/Rexroadian			1.4
															Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian													Nukumaruan			MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian													Mangapanian			MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												Mangapanian			MN 16	2.58
															Waipipian			MN 16	3
																		MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean																	3.6
															Opoitian				3.7
																		MN 14	4.2
																Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian		MN 14	4.7
																		MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian													Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian																MN 12	7.246
																		MN 11	7.75
																		MN 10	8.7
																Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian		MN 10	9.4
																		MN 9	9.7
														Southland	Waiauan			MN 9	11.04
																		MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian																	11.63
																late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			12.5
																		MN 6	12.8 *
															Lillburnian			MN 6	13.05
		Langhian													Lillburnian			MN 5	13.82
															Clifdenian				15.1
														Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian																MN 4	15.98
																Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian		MN 4	16.3
																Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian		MN 3	16.9
																late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		18.5
															Otaian				18.7
																		MN 2	20
		Aquitanian																	20.44
														Landon	Waitakian				21.7
																		MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
																	Monroecreekian		23.1 *
																	Geringian		24.7 *
															Duntroonian				25.2
															Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
		Rupelian																	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian														Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			33.9
														Arnold	Runangan				34.6
															Kaiatan				36.7
																			37
		Bartonian																	37.71
															Bortonian				39.1
																Late Uintan/Early Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian																	41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
															Heretaungan				45.7
																Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			46.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
				Mangaorapan	48.9
				Mangaorapan	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean	50.5
				Waipawan	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean	52
				Waipawan		Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian		Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
		Thanetian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
		Selandian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	59.2
		Selandian				To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian				To3/To2/To1	61.6
		Danian				Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
							Mangaotanean		90.5
							Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			Arowhanan		93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
							Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian			Motuan		100.5
				Late Albian			Urutawan		103.3
				Middle Albian			Urutawan		106.2 *
				Middle Albian		Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian					113
				Late Aptian					117.5
				Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian					139.8
				Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
				Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras						Late Bajocian	168.2
				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						Late Bajocian	168.4
				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						Early Bajocian	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						Late Toarcian	174.7
				Planulata							179.3 *
											Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
										Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
				Kanense								181.3 *
				Carlottense								182.3 *
				Carlottense						Early Toarcian		182.9 *
				Kunae						Early Toarcian		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
				Freboldi								185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi								Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
												Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras								Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian								Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras							Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian									Sevatian		208.5
											Alaunian		213.2 *
					Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian						227
		Carnian			Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian						237
		Ladinian			Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian						242
					Pelsonian						243.8 *
			Bithynian		244.7 *
			Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian		251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Mapingian †			298.9
		Kasimovian						Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju			Porkuni		443.8
		Katian							Pirgu		445.2
									Vormsi		449.6 *
									Nabala		Johvi †		450 *
						Viru			Rakvere				450.6 *
									Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian							Keila		Idavere †		453
									Haljala				453.9
									Kukruse				456.4 *
									Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku				458.4
									Lasnamagi				458.9 *
									Aseri				460.4 *
						Oeland			Kunda				462.9 *
									Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		467.3					Volkhov
		Dapingian		Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg							477.7
				Varangu							481.3 *
				Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort					Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
											Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †		St Davids			497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
																			538.8