PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of West Avalonia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean										Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean												0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Sheridanian			Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean						Late Pleistocene						0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean						Middle Pleistocene						0.129
							Irvingtonian			Cudahyan/Sappan									0.21
																		Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene						0.774
							Blancan			Senecan/Rexroadian									1.4
																		Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian																Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian																Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										Late Pliocene					Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian											Late Pliocene					Waipipian	3
		Zanclean											Early Pliocene					Waipipian	3.6
																		Opoitian	3.7
							Hemphillian			Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian								Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene				Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian																Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																	7.246
							Clarendonian			Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian									9.4
																	Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian											Middle Miocene						11.63
							Barstovian			late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian									12.5
																		Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian																Lillburnian	13.82
																		Clifdenian	15.1
																	Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene						15.98
							Hemingfordian			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									16.3
							Arikareean			late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian								18.5
																		Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian																Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian															Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				Late Oligocene						23.03
											Monroecreekian								23.1 *
											Geringian								24.7 *
																		Duntroonian	25.2
																		Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian						Kekeamuan					Early Oligocene						27.82
							Whitneyan												29.5
							Orellan												31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Late Eocene						33.9
																	Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																		Kaiatan	36.7
							Duchesnean												37
		Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					Middle Eocene						37.71
																		Bortonian	39.1
							Uintan			Late Uintan/Early Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian																	41.2
																	Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																		Heretaungan	45.7
							Bridgerian			Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian									46.2
		Ypresian							Bumbanian				Early Eocene						47.8
																		Mangaorapan	48.9
							Wasatchian			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean								Mangaorapan	50.5
							Wasatchian			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean								Waipawan	52
							Clarkforkian					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1						Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian	Gashatan				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Late Paleocene					Teurian	56
		Thanetian					Tiffanian	Gashatan				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Late Paleocene						56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian					To3/To2/To1	Middle Paleocene						60.9
		Danian		Early Paleocene	61.6		Torrejonian					To3/To2/To1
		Danian		Early Paleocene	Puercan	Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata					Haumurian	66
		Campanian										Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian										Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara					Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
												Mangaotanean	90.5
												Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian										Arowhanan	93.9
							Clarence					Ngaterian	95.2
												Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Motuan	100.5
												Urutawan	103.3
							Taitai					Korangan	108.4
		Aptian										Korangan	113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
		Kasimovian											303.7
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
		Visean											330.9
		Tournaisian											346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Pirgu		445.2
			Kralodvorian			Vormsi		449.6 *
			Berounian			Vormsi		449.7 *
						Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
				Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
						Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian				Keila		Idavere †	453
						Haljala			453.9
						Haljala			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †			456.2 *
						Kukruse						456.4 *
						Uhaku		Aluoja †				457.5 *
					Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
			Dobrotivian									458.5 *
			Dobrotivian			Lasnamagi	458.9 *
			Oretanian			Lasnamagi	459.7 *
						Aseri	460.4 *
					Sarka †	Aseri				461.7 *
				Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
						Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
						Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †							467.3
			Arenigian									468
						Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
								Latorp †				470.1 *
						Hunneberg						473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Hunneberg						477.7
						Varangu						481.3 *
						Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort		Niuchehean				Taoyuanian †		485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						Paibian			494
		Paibian						Paibian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		497
		Guzhangian									Guzhangian			Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Branchian		Duyunian		509
		Stage 3										Branchian		Nangaoian		514
		Stage 3										Placentian		Nangaoian		517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian												Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian												Jinnigian		530.7
																			538.8