PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Australia	Mesozoic Subages		Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of North America		Silurian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian																				0.0042
		Greenlandian																				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian															0.0117
		Chibanian																				0.129
		Calabrian																				0.774
		Gelasian																				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Yushean															2.58
		Zanclean					Yushean															3.6
		Zanclean					Baodean															4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
		Tortonian																				7.246
		Tortonian					Tunggurian															11.1
		Serravallian					Tunggurian				Cenozoic 5											11.63
		Langhian					Shanwangian															13.82
		Burdigalian					Shanwangian															15.98
		Burdigalian					Xiejiaan															16.9
		Aquitanian					Xiejiaan															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Cenozoic 4											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Cenozoic 4											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Cenozoic 3											33.9
		Bartonian									Cenozoic 3											37.71
		Lutetian									Cenozoic 2											41.2
		Ypresian									Cenozoic 2											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Cenozoic 1											56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Late Albian		Cretaceous 4											100.5
									Middle Albian													106.2 *
									Early Albian													109.9 *
		Aptian							Late Aptian		Cretaceous 3											113
		Aptian							Early Aptian		Cretaceous 3											119.5 *
		Barremian							Late Barremian/Early Barremian		Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian							Late Berriasian													139.8
									Middle Berriasian													140.6 *
									Early Berriasian													142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
		Tithonian							Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6											146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian							Late Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5											149.2
		Kimmeridgian							Early Kimmeridgian													152.2 *
		Oxfordian							Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												154.8
		Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian							Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian							Late Bajocian													168.2
		Bajocian							Early Bajocian													168.6 *
		Aalenian							Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Late Toarcian													174.7
									Middle Toarcian													180.4 *
									Early Toarcian													182.9 *
		Pliensbachian							Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2											184.2
		Sinemurian							Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1											192.9
		Hettangian							Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Jurassic 1											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Triassic 4											201.4
		Norian							Sevatian													208.5
									Alaunian													213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian	Triassic 3	227
		Carnian		Julian	Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian						Wordian	264.28
		Roadian			Permian 3			Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2		Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1			Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	315.2		Carboniferous 4
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Cayugan				419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran				422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan				Clinton			440.1 *
												440.7 *
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian		Ordovician 5							443.8
		Katian	Bolindian									445.2
			Eastonian									449 *
			Gisbornian									452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian		Ordovician 4							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3							458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian		Ordovician 2							467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian									468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian									470
			Bendigonian									471.8 *
			Lancefieldian									473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian		Ordovician 1							477.7
			Warendian									482.8 *
			Warendian									Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
													Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					Sunwaptan	487.5
													Festiniogian						489.2 *
		Jiangshanian																	489.5
															Aksaian				490.7 *
															Sakian				492.2 *
																		Steptoean	493 *
													Maentwrogian						493.1 *
		Paibian																	494
		Paibian															Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †							Cambrian 4	St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
																	Ayusokkanian			Arcadian	498.4
																	Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian		500.5													Mayan/Menevian
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		Cambrian 3						Topazan			Amgan/Solvan		504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †								Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Branchian			Caerfai	Waucoban †			509
															Toyonian			Lenian †		510 *
												Dyeran			Toyonian					511 *
															Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3				Cambrian 2														514
												Montezuman								514.8 *
															Atdabanian					515.6 *
													Placentian							517.1
							Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian				521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian				Cambrian 1		Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †			529
																						538.8