PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian										0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Yushean										2.58
		Zanclean					Yushean										3.6
		Zanclean					Baodean										4.9
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Tortonian					Tunggurian										11.1
		Serravallian					Tunggurian										11.63
		Langhian					Shanwangian										13.82
		Burdigalian					Shanwangian										15.98
		Burdigalian					Xiejiaan										16.9
		Aquitanian					Xiejiaan										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian			66
		Campanian										Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
		Santonian										Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian										Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian										Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian										Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Late Albian					100.5
												Middle Albian					106.2 *
												Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian										Late Aptian					113
		Aptian										Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian										Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian										Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian										Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian										Late Berriasian					139.8
												Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
												Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian										Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian										Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian										Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian										Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian											Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian										Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian								Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian					168.2
											Humphresianum	Late Bajocian					168.4
											Humphresianum	Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian								Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Late Toarcian					174.7
												Late Toarcian					180.1
												Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
										Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Middle Toarcian					182
										Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian								Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian								Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian								Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian										Sevatian					208.5
												Alaunian					213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju			Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian				Pirgu	445.2
								Richmondian				Pirgu	446 *
								Richmondian			Vormsi	449.6 *
								Maysvillian			Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Maysvillian			Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
								Edenian			Nabala			450.4 *
								Edenian	Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			Rakvere			451.1 *
											Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †		453
								Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
										Haljala			453.9
										Kukruse			456.4 *
							Whiterockian			Kukruse		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku				458.4
										Lasnamagi				458.9 *
										Aseri				460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
										Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian													467.3
								Rangerian							469.1 *
								Rangerian		Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
				Latorp †										470.1 *
										Hunneberg				473.7 *
					Tulean			473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean			477.7
					Stairsian			480.3 *
					Stairsian			Varangu		481.3 *
					Skullrockian			Varangu		Demingian †				482 *
								Pakerort		Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort						485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Branchian	509
		Stage 3													Branchian	514
		Stage 3													Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8