PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian					66
		Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan					72.1
		Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian							100.5
										Middle Albian							106.2 *
										Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian								Late Aptian							113
		Aptian								Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian								Late Berriasian							139.8
										Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
										Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian								Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						154.8
		Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian						Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian							168.2
									Humphresianum	Late Bajocian							168.4
									Humphresianum	Early Bajocian							168.6 *
		Aalenian						Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Late Toarcian							174.7
										Late Toarcian							180.1
										Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
								Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Middle Toarcian							182
								Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Early Toarcian							182.9 *
		Pliensbachian						Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian						Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian						Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian								Sevatian							208.5
										Alaunian							213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian			Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
										Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
									Vormsi	Richmondian		449.6 *
									Vormsi	Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Nabala	Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
									Nabala	Edenian				450.4 *
									Viru	Edenian	Rakvere			450.6 *
							Mohawkian			Chatfieldian	Rakvere			451.1 *
											Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian						Keila			Idavere †		453
								Keila		Turinian			453.7 *
								Haljala					453.9
								Kukruse					456.4 *
							Whiterockian	Kukruse				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku						458.4
								Lasnamagi						458.9 *
								Aseri						460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
									Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
									Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian													467.3
										Rangerian					469.1 *
									Billingen	Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian			Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
				Latorp †										470.1 *
									Hunneberg					473.7 *
					Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean					477.7
					Stairsian					480.3 *
					Stairsian				Varangu	481.3 *
					Skullrockian				Varangu	Demingian †				482 *
									Pakerort	Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort					485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Branchian	509
		Stage 3													Branchian	514
		Stage 3													Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8