PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Silurian of North America			Carboniferous of China	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan																Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian																				0.0042
		Greenlandian																				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene											Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene											Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene											Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene											Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian																Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian																				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Late Pliocene															2.58
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene															3.6
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene											Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene															5.333
		Tortonian																				7.246
		Tortonian																Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene											Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian																Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian																				13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene															15.98
																		Hemingfordian				16.3
																		Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian																				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene															23.03
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene															27.82
																		Whitneyan				29.5
																		Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene											Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian					Late Eocene											Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene											Duchesnean				37.71
		Bartonian																Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian																Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian																Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene											Bridgerian				47.8
																		Wasatchian				50.5
																		Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene											Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian					Late Paleocene											Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene											Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene											Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian					Early Paleocene											Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian					Early Paleocene											Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
		Kimmeridgian																				149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian																				168.2
		Aalenian																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
		Pliensbachian																				184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian	Whitwellian				429.7 *	Lockportian
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Ontarian					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan			Clinton			440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju					Porkuni			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Vormsi			Kralodvorian		449.6 *
								Vormsi			Berounian		449.7 *
								Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
			Viru					Rakvere						450.6 *
								Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian						Keila					Idavere †	453
								Haljala						453.9
								Haljala						Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Kukruse								456.4 *
								Uhaku					Aluoja †			457.5 *
												Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
											Dobrotivian					458.5 *
								Lasnamagi			Dobrotivian					458.9 *
								Lasnamagi			Oretanian					459.7 *
								Aseri								460.4 *
								Aseri				Sarka †				461.7 *
			Oeland					Kunda								462.9 *
								Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
								Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										Klabava †					467.3
											Arenigian						468
				Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
								Latorp †								470.1 *
				Hunneberg												473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg							Tremadocian					477.7
				Varangu												481.3 *
				Pakerort												482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort				Datsonian			Late Cambrian							485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
								Payntonian										486.8 *
		Jiangshanian						Iverian										489.5
		Paibian						Idamean										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †			Mindyallan							Middle Cambrian	497
											Mindyallan								Arcadian	498.4
											Boomerangian									499
		Drumian									Undillan									500.5
		Drumian									Floran									503
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †									Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †									Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4									Branchian							Early Cambrian	509	Ordian
		Stage 4																		510.8 *
		Stage 3																		514
		Stage 3									Placentian									517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																		529
																						538.8