PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.129
															Irvingtonian			0.21
																	Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian												Early Pleistocene				0.774
															Blancan			1.4
																	Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian															Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian															Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											Late Pliocene			Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian												Late Pliocene			Waipipian	3
		Zanclean												Early Pliocene			Waipipian	3.6
																	Opoitian	3.7
															Hemphillian		Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene		Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian															Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																7.246
															Clarendonian			9.4
																Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian										Cenozoic 5		Middle Miocene				11.63
															Barstovian			12.5
																	Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian															Lillburnian	13.82
																	Clifdenian	15.1
																Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian												Early Miocene				15.98
															Hemingfordian			16.3
															Arikareean			18.5
																	Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian															Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian														Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4		Late Oligocene			Waitakian	23.03
																	Duntroonian	25.2
																	Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian												Early Oligocene				27.82
															Whitneyan			29.5
															Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3		Late Eocene	Chadronian			33.9
																Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																	Kaiatan	36.7
															Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian												Middle Eocene				37.71
																	Bortonian	39.1
															Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian										Cenozoic 2						41.2
																Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																	Heretaungan	45.7
															Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian												Early Eocene				47.8
																	Mangaorapan	48.9
															Wasatchian		Mangaorapan	50.5
															Wasatchian		Waipawan	52
															Clarkforkian		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Cenozoic 1		Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian		Teurian	56
		Thanetian												Late Paleocene	Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian												Early Paleocene	Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian												Early Paleocene	Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian	Cretaceous 8			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan	Cretaceous 7				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
									Mangaotanean	90.5
									Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5				Arowhanan	93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
									Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4				Motuan	100.5
									Urutawan	103.3
								Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3				Korangan	113
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3					117.5
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian								Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian								Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
					Planulata						179.3 *
					Planulata						Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
					Kanense							181.3 *
					Carlottense							182.3 *
					Kunae							183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae					Jurassic 2		184.2
					Freboldi							185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi							Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
												Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras							Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian								Jurassic 1			192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras						Psiloceras		196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian									Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian									Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian									Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian									Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian									Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian									Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian									Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Late Famennian		358.9
				Middle Famennian		365.3 *
				Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4	Late Frasnian		372.2
				Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
				Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko	Devonian 3		Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Chotec			Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Chotec			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	Devonian 2		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	Devonian 2		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5			Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †			Cambrian 4	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian		498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †				Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Branchian	Early Cambrian		Cambrian 3	509
		Stage 3						Branchian			Cambrian 2	514
		Stage 3			Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1		529
																		538.8