PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Germany	Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Mammal Subages/Zones		European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Sheridanian			0.0117
		Chibanian										Sheridanian			0.129
												Cudahyan/Sappan			0.21
											Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian													0.774
												Senecan/Rexroadian			1.4
											Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan			MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian			MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Mangapanian			MN 16	2.58
											Waipipian			MN 16	3
														MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean													3.6
											Opoitian				3.7
														MN 14	4.2
												Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian		MN 14	4.7
														MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian												MN 12	7.246
														MN 11	7.75
														MN 10	8.7
												Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian		MN 10	9.4
														MN 9	9.7
										Southland	Waiauan			MN 9	11.04
														MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian													11.63
												late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			12.5
														MN 6	12.8 *
											Lillburnian			MN 6	13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian			MN 5	13.82
											Clifdenian				15.1
										Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian												MN 4	15.98
												Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian		MN 4	16.3
												Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian		MN 3	16.9
												late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		18.5
											Otaian				18.7
														MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													20.44
										Landon	Waitakian				21.7
														MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
													Monroecreekian		23.1 *
													Geringian		24.7 *
											Duntroonian				25.2
											Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
		Rupelian													29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian										Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			33.9
										Arnold	Runangan				34.6
											Kaiatan				36.7
															37
		Bartonian													37.71
											Bortonian				39.1
												Late Uintan/Early Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian													41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
											Heretaungan				45.7
												Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			46.2
		Ypresian													47.8
				Mangaorapan	48.9
				Mangaorapan	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean	50.5
				Waipawan	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean	52
				Waipawan		Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian		Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
		Thanetian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
		Selandian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	59.2
		Selandian				To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian				To3/To2/To1	61.6
		Danian				Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
							Mangaotanean		90.5
							Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			Arowhanan		93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
							Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian			Motuan		100.5
				Late Albian			Urutawan		103.3
				Middle Albian			Urutawan		106.2 *
				Middle Albian		Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian					113
				Late Aptian					117.5
				Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian					139.8
				Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
				Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras	168.2
				Late Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
				Early Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
										Planulata	179.3 *
											Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
										Kanense		181.3 *
										Carlottense		182.3 *
				Early Toarcian						Carlottense		182.9 *
				Early Toarcian						Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						Kunae		184.2
										Freboldi		185.1 *
										Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
												Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
										Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian									192.9
										Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
										Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian		Sevatian									208.5
				Alaunian									213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
			Bithynian	244.7 *
			Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian	251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †			298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
		Pragian					Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju		Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †				450 *
						Viru		Rakvere					450.6 *
								Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †				453
								Haljala					453.9
								Kukruse					456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †				457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku					458.4
								Lasnamagi					458.9 *
								Aseri					460.4 *
						Oeland		Kunda					462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
								Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Volkhov		467.3
		Dapingian						Billingen		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian						Hunneberg			477.7
								Varangu			481.3 *
								Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort			485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian										Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Branchian	509
		Stage 3									Branchian	514
		Stage 3									Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
															538.8