PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of North America		South American Land Mammal Ages		European Faunal Units	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Lujanian				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian						Lujanian				Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian						Ensenadan				Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian						Ensenadan				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian						Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian						Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Vorohuean		Villanyian		Late Pliocene	2.58
								Chapadmalalan		Villanyian			2.9 *
										Ruscinian			3.1 *
		Zanclean										Early Pliocene	3.6
								Montehermosan					3.7 *
								Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian								Turolian		Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
								Chasicoan					7.9 *
								Chasicoan		Vallesian			8.7
								Mayoan					9.9 *
								Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian						Laventan		Astaracian		Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian						Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian						Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian						Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian						Friasian		Orleanian		Early Miocene	15.98
								Santacrucian					16.2 *
								Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
										Agenian			20
		Aquitanian											20.44
		Aquitanian						Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian										Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian						Tinguirirican				Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian						Tinguirirican				Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian						Divisaderan				Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian										Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Lutetian						Mustersan					41.9 *
		Ypresian						Mustersan				Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian						Casamayoran				Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Riochican				Late Paleocene	56
								Itaboraian					56.9 *
								Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian						Tiupampan				Early Paleocene	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian									Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Datsonian	485.4
					Payntonian	486.8 *
					Payntonian	Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian			Iverian	Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian			Iverian	Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian			Idamean	Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Marjumian	Albertian †	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian					Boomerangian	499
		Drumian					Undillan	500.5
		Drumian					Floran	503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Topazan		Templetonian	504.5
					Delamaran		Templetonian	506.5
							Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Waucoban †	Ordian	509
								510.8 *
					Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran			514
					Montezuman			514.8 *
					Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
													538.8