PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Britain			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of China		Ordovician of China	Mesozoic Subages
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
		Tortonian																				7.246
		Serravallian																				11.63
		Langhian																				13.82
		Burdigalian																				15.98
		Aquitanian																				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																				33.9
		Bartonian																				37.71
		Lutetian																				41.2
		Ypresian																				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																				56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian																		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian																		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian																		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian																		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian																		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		Late Albian		100.5
																				Middle Albian		106.2 *
																				Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian																		Late Aptian		113
		Aptian																		Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian																		Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian																		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian																		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian																		Late Berriasian		139.8
																				Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																				Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian																		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian																		Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian																		Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian																		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian																			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian																		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian												Epizigzagiceras						Late Bajocian		168.2
														Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						Late Bajocian		168.4
														Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian												Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						Late Toarcian		174.7
														Planulata								179.3 *
																Arnioceras arnouldi						179.8 *
																				Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
														Kanense								181.3 *
														Carlottense								182.3 *
														Carlottense						Early Toarcian		182.9 *
														Kunae						Early Toarcian		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian												Kunae						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
														Freboldi								185.1 *
														Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras							186.2 *
															Tetraspidoceras							189.2 *
														Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis							190.3 *
		Sinemurian																		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
														Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras						196.4 *
														Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
		Hettangian												Franziceras/Euphyllites						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian		Sevatian	208.5
				Alaunian	213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Wordian			Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian			Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian	303.7
					Khamovnikian	304.8
					Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian	307
					Podolskian	308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
		Visean			Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan	Chientangkiangian			445.2
							Cautleyan				448.9 *
							Pusgillian				449.3 *
							Pusgillian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
				Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †				449.6 *
						Cheneyan					451.5 *
			Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian				453
						Actonian †	453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †				454.2 *
						Longvillian †					455.2 *
			Aurelucian			Longvillian †					456.8 *
			Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					Guniu †/Hulo		461.3 *
									Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian						Dapingian			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian				Dapingian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian				Yiyangian			470
				Whitlandian							471.1 *
				Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian				Xinchangian			477.7
				Migneintian						Lianghekou †	477.9 *
				Cressagian							480.8 *
				Cressagian							Mansian †	483.55 *
											Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †			485.4
		Stage 10										Niuchehean				Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Jiangshanian					489.5
									Aksaian								490.7 *
									Sakian								492.2 *
																Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Paibian					494
											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						494.7 *
											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian					Guzhangian		499.5
		Drumian									Mayan/Menevian					Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †		Topazan					Amgan/Solvan	Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †		Delamaran						Wuliuan/Taijangian		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †							Duyunian		509
												Toyonian				Lenian †			510 *
											Dyeran	Toyonian							511 *
												Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3															Nangaoian		514
											Montezuman								514.8 *
											Montezuman	Atdabanian							515.6 *
											Begadean	Atdabanian							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian							Meishucunian					521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian												525.5
		Fortunian														Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian										Jinnigian				Manykaian †	530.7
																						538.8