PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of North America		Silurian of England		North American Mammal Subages/Zones					Ordovician of China			Cenozoic Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Sheridanian								Late Pleistocene	Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian								Sheridanian								Middle Pleistocene			0.129
										Cudahyan/Sappan											0.21
																			Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian																Early Pleistocene			0.774
										Senecan/Rexroadian											1.4
																			Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian																	Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †															Late Pliocene	Vorohuean		2.58
		Piacenzian																Late Pliocene	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
		Zanclean																Early Pliocene	Chapadmalalan		3.6
																			Montehermosan		3.7 *
										Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian									Montehermosan		4.7
																			Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
																			Chasicoan		7.9 *
										Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian									Chasicoan		9.4
																			Mayoan		9.9 *
																			Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian																Middle Miocene			11.63
										late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian											12.5
																			Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian																	Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian																	Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian																Early Miocene	Friasian		15.98
																			Santacrucian		16.2 *
										Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									Santacrucian		16.3
										Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
										late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian										18.5
		Aquitanian																			20.44
		Aquitanian																	Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																Late Oligocene			23.03
											Monroecreekian										23.1 *
											Geringian										24.7 *
		Rupelian																Early Oligocene			27.82
																			Tinguirirican		28.9 *
																					29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian								Late Eocene			33.9
										Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian									Divisaderan		35.9 *
																					37
		Bartonian																Middle Eocene			37.71
		Bartonian								Late Uintan/Early Uintan											39.7
		Lutetian																			41.2
																			Mustersan		41.9 *
										Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian											46.2
		Ypresian																Early Eocene			47.8
																			Casamayoran		47.9 *
										Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean											50.5
												Cf3/Cf2/Cf1									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Cf3/Cf2/Cf1						Late Paleocene	Riochican		56
												Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							Riochican		56.2
																			Itaboraian		56.9 *
																			Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian																Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Selandian										To3/To2/To1						Middle Paleocene			60.9
		Danian																Early Paleocene			61.6
																			Tiupampan		62.4 *
												Pu3/Pu2/Pu1							Tiupampan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		100.5
		Aptian		113
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
		Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel	298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian				Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian				Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian			Wych		Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Telychian						436.3 *
		Aeronian						438.5
		Aeronian			Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
		Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian						Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian						Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian						Xinchangian			477.7
										Lianghekou †	477.9 *
										Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
								Aksaian							490.7 *
								Sakian							492.2 *
														Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †				Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian					Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		Topazan						Amgan/Solvan	504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Waucoban †						Early Cambrian		509
													Toyonian			Lenian †	510 *
										Dyeran			Toyonian				511 *
													Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3															514
										Montezuman							514.8 *
										Montezuman			Atdabanian				515.6 *
										Begadean			Atdabanian				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Tommotian				521
		Stage 2											Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian											Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †	529
																					538.8