PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of North America		Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian	Lujanian		Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian									Lujanian		Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian									Ensenadan		Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian									Ensenadan		Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian									Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
		Gelasian									Sanandresian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Yushean	Vorohuean		Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian									Chapadmalalan		Late Pliocene	2.9 *
		Zanclean									Chapadmalalan		Early Pliocene	3.6
											Montehermosan			3.7 *
										Baodean	Huayquerian			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
											Chasicoan			7.9 *
											Mayoan			9.9 *
											Laventan			10.9 *
										Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian											Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian									Colloncuran			13.7 *
		Langhian								Shanwangian	Colloncuran			13.82
		Langhian									Friasian			15.4 *
		Burdigalian									Friasian		Early Miocene	15.98
											Santacrucian			16.2 *
										Xiejiaan	Santacrucian			16.9
											Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
		Aquitanian									Colhuehuapian			20.44
		Aquitanian									Deseadan			20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian											Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian									Tinguirirican		Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian									Tinguirirican		Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian									Divisaderan		Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian											Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Lutetian									Mustersan			41.9 *
		Ypresian									Mustersan		Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian									Casamayoran		Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Riochican		Late Paleocene	56
											Itaboraian			56.9 *
											Peligran			58.9 *
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian									Tiupampan		Early Paleocene	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ungurian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Batyrbaian	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
						Aksaian			490.7 *
						Sakian			492.2 *
								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		Topazan		Tuesaian		504.5
						Topazan				505.3
						Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Waucoban †		Early Cambrian	509
								Toyonian		510 *
						Dyeran		Toyonian		511 *
								Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3								514
						Montezuman				514.8 *
						Montezuman		Atdabanian		515.6 *
						Begadean		Atdabanian		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian		521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian								529
														538.8