PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of North America		Permian of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	European Faunal Zones	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian											Lujanian		0.129
													Ensenadan		0.3 *
										Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian					0.774
										Nukumaruan					1.63
													Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian										MN 17			1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian		MN 17			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									MN 16	Vorohuean		2.58
													Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
										Waipipian					3
												MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean													3.6
										Opoitian			Montehermosan		3.7 *
												MN 14	Montehermosan		4.2
												MN 13	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian										MN 12			7.246
												MN 11			7.75
												MN 11	Chasicoan		7.9 *
												MN 10			8.7
												MN 9			9.7
													Mayoan		9.9 *
													Laventan		10.9 *
									Southland	Waiauan					11.04
												MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian										MN 7 + 8			11.63
												MN 6			12.8 *
										Lillburnian					13.05
													Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian										MN 5			13.82
										Clifdenian					15.1
										Clifdenian			Friasian		15.4 *
									Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian										MN 4			15.98
												MN 4	Santacrucian		16.2 *
												MN 3	Santacrucian		16.9
													Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
										Otaian					18.7
												MN 2			20
		Aquitanian													20.44
													Deseadan		20.9 *
									Landon	Waitakian					21.7
												MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
										Duntroonian					25.2
										Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
		Rupelian											Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
									Arnold	Runangan					34.6
										Runangan			Divisaderan		35.9 *
										Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian													41.2
													Mustersan		41.9 *
									Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
										Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian		47.8
				Casamayoran	47.9 *
					Mangaorapan	48.9
					Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Riochican	56
					Itaboraian	56.9 *
					Peligran	58.9 *
		Selandian				59.2
		Danian				61.6
		Danian			Tiupampan	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian			Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
					Mangaotanean		90.5
					Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian			Korangan		113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Laoshanian	Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Laibinian	Zechstein	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Lengwuan	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian						Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian						Kuhfengian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian						Luodianian	Autunian	283.5
		Artinskian						Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian						Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian						Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Late Famennian	358.9
											Middle Famennian	365.3 *
											Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian								Adorf	Late Frasnian	372.2
											Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
											Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian			Late Givetian				382.7
						Middle Givetian				383.7 *
						Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian	Eifelian			Late Eifelian				387.7
		Eifelian	Eifelian			Early Eifelian				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian			Late Emsian				393.3
		Emsian	Emsian			Early Emsian				398.3 *
		Pragian	Siegen			Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine			Late Lochkovian				410.8
						Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10			Sunwaptan					487.5
		Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan					489.5
		Jiangshanian			Steptoean					493 *
		Paibian			Steptoean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	Marjumian					Albertian †	497
		Drumian			Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran			Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4					Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran				514
							Montezuman				514.8 *
							Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
															538.8