PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	European Faunal Zones	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian						Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian						Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian						Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian					MN 17									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				MN 16									2.58
		Piacenzian					MN 15									3.2
		Zanclean					MN 15									3.6
							MN 14									4.2
							MN 14	Hemphillian								4.7
							MN 13									4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					MN 13									5.333
		Tortonian					MN 12									7.246
							MN 11									7.75
							MN 10									8.7
							MN 10	Clarendonian								9.4
							MN 9									9.7
							MN 7 + 8									11.1
		Serravallian														11.63
								Barstovian								12.5
							MN 6									12.8 *
		Langhian					MN 5									13.82
		Burdigalian					MN 4									15.98
							MN 4	Hemingfordian								16.3
							MN 3	Hemingfordian								16.9
							MN 3	Arikareean								18.5
							MN 2									20
		Aquitanian					MN 2									20.44
		Aquitanian					MN 1									22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
								Whitneyan								29.5
								Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian						Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian						Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian						Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian						Bridgerian								47.8
								Wasatchian								50.5
								Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian						Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian	259.51
		Wordian			Midian	264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian			Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian							Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian				Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
							Edenian			450.4 *
			Mohawkian				Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian			453
							Turinian			453.7 *
			Whiterockian					Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Dapingian									467.3
		Dapingian					Rangerian				469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian				Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean					Ungurian	477.7
							Stairsian						480.3 *
							Skullrockian				Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian	Batyrbaian		Late Cambrian				485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
								Aksaian						490.7 *
								Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian						Sakian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		Ayusokkanian				Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian													499.5
		Drumian								Zhanaarykian					500.5
		Drumian								Tuesaian					503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †						Tuesaian					504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †											505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4												Early Cambrian	509
										Toyonian					510 *
										Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian					514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian					521
		Stage 2													525.5
		Fortunian													529
																538.8