PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Siberia		European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene									MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Late Pliocene								Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
															Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
																MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene									MN 15	3.6
																MN 14	4.2
																MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene								Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian														MN 12	7.246
																MN 11	7.75
															Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
																MN 9	9.7
																MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene								Astaracian	MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian														MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian														MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene								Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
															Orleanian	MN 3	16.9
															Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian														MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian														MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Vokhmian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								Vokhmian							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	Ungurian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ungurian				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian				Late Cambrian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian					Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian			489.5
			Aksaian							Aksaian			490.7 *
			Sakian							Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian						Paibian					494
												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
									Waergangian †/Youshuanian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †				Ayusokkanian	Middle Cambrian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian							Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian		Drumian					500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian		Drumian					503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			Tuesaian		Wuliuan/Taijangian		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †					Wuliuan/Taijangian					505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian	Duyunian					509
							Toyonian				Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
							Botomian				Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian		Nangaoian		Botomian			514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian		Nangaoian		Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian		Meishucunian		Tommotian			521
		Stage 2									Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian										Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian			Manykaian †		530.7
																	538.8