PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of North America						Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of North America	Cambrian of Australia	Mesozoic Subages		Devonian of Germany	Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian											Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										Late Pliocene								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian											Late Miocene								7.246
		Serravallian											Middle Miocene								11.63
		Langhian											Middle Miocene								13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene								15.98
		Aquitanian											Early Miocene								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian											Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian											Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian											Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian														Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian														Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian														Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian														Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian														Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														Late Albian					100.5
																Middle Albian					106.2 *
																Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian														Late Aptian					113
		Aptian														Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian														Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian														Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian														Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian														Late Berriasian					139.8
																Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
																Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian														Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian														Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian														Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian														Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian															Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian														Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian														Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian														Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian														Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														Late Toarcian					174.7
																Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
																Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian														Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian														Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian														Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																			201.4
		Norian														Sevatian					208.5
																Alaunian					213.2 *
																Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian														Tuvalian					227
		Carnian														Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														Longobardian					237
		Ladinian														Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian														Illyrian					242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian		Midian	Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian				Wordian		Midian	Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian				Wordian		Murgabian	Urzhumian	266.2 *
		Roadian				Roadian	Kazanian		Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian				Roadian	Kazanian		Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kubergandian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
								Kubergandian		Filipovian	276.5 *
								Bolorian		Filipovian	279.8
										Saraninian	280.1 *
							Hessian			Saraninian	281.9 *
		Artinskian							Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
			Irginian							285.9 *
								Yakhtashian		286
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
			Burtsevian							287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Nealian				Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
									Uskalykian	294.8
									Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Emsian	393.3
		Pragian								Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian								Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli										Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
													Alexandrian	438.7 *
											Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
														440.7 *
		Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Cincinnatian		Gamachian		443.8
		Katian											Gamachian		445.2
													Richmondian		446 *
													Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
													Edenian			450.4 *
											Mohawkian		Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian											Chatfieldian			453
													Turinian			453.7 *
											Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian															458.4
		Dapingian															467.3
		Dapingian											Rangerian				469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Ibexian		Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian											Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian											Tulean					Ungurian	477.7
				Stairsian									480.3 *
				Skullrockian									Demingian †				482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Batyrbaian					Datsonian	485.4
					Payntonian													486.8 *
					Payntonian													487.5
		Jiangshanian			Iverian													489.5
													Aksaian					490.7 *
													Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian			Idamean								Sakian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †								Ayusokkanian					Mindyallan	497
													Ayusokkanian					Boomerangian	499
																		Boomerangian	499.5
		Drumian											Zhanaarykian					Undillan	500.5
		Drumian											Tuesaian					Floran	503
		Wuliuan											Tuesaian					Stage 5 †	Templetonian	504.5
																			Templetonian	505.3
																			Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4																		509
													Toyonian							510 *
													Toyonian							510.8 *
													Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3											Botomian							514
		Stage 3											Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian			521
																					525.5