PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America						Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of North America		Cambrian of Australia	Mesozoic Subages		Devonian of Germany	Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian													Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian													Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian													Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												Late Pliocene									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian													Late Miocene									7.246
		Serravallian													Middle Miocene									11.63
		Langhian													Middle Miocene									13.82
		Burdigalian													Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian													Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian													Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian													Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian													Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian													Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian													Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian																	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian																	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian																	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian																	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian																	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	Late Albian					100.5
																			Middle Albian					106.2 *
																			Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian																	Late Aptian					113
		Aptian																	Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian																	Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian																	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian																	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian																	Late Berriasian					139.8
																			Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
																			Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian																	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian																	Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian																	Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian																	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian																		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian																	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian																	Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian																	Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian																	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	Late Toarcian					174.7
																			Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
																			Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian																	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian																	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian																	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																						201.4
		Norian																	Sevatian					208.5
																			Alaunian					213.2 *
																			Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian																	Tuvalian					227
		Carnian																	Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	Longobardian					237
		Ladinian																	Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian																	Illyrian					242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian		Midian	Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian				Wordian		Midian	Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian				Wordian		Murgabian	Urzhumian	266.2 *
		Roadian				Roadian	Kazanian		Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian				Roadian	Kazanian		Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kubergandian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
								Kubergandian		Filipovian	276.5 *
								Bolorian		Filipovian	279.8
										Saraninian	280.1 *
							Hessian			Saraninian	281.9 *
		Artinskian							Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
			Irginian							285.9 *
								Yakhtashian		286
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
			Burtsevian							287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Nealian				Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
									Uskalykian	294.8
									Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Emsian	393.3
		Pragian								Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian								Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli										Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
													Alexandrian	438.7 *
											Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
														440.7 *
		Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Cincinnatian		Gamachian			443.8
		Katian											Gamachian			445.2
													Richmondian			446 *
													Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
													Edenian				450.4 *
											Mohawkian		Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian											Chatfieldian				453
													Turinian				453.7 *
											Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian																458.4
		Dapingian																467.3
		Dapingian											Rangerian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Ibexian		Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian											Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian											Tulean						477.7
				Stairsian									480.3 *
				Skullrockian									Demingian †					482 *
													Demingian †					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian								Tavgian †			Ketyan †/Yurakian				Datsonian	485.4
																				Payntonian	486.8 *
																				Payntonian	487.5
		Jiangshanian																		Iverian	489.5
					Aksaian																490.7 *
					Sakian																492.2 *
		Paibian																		Idamean	494
		Paibian														Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				Idamean	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †								Ayusokkanian								Mindyallan	497
													Ayusokkanian								Boomerangian	499
													Mayan/Menevian								Boomerangian	499.5
		Drumian																			Undillan	500.5
		Drumian																			Floran	503
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †								Amgan/Solvan	Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †									Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4																					509
																Toyonian					Lenian †		510 *
																Toyonian							510.8 *
																Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3														Botomian							514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †	529
																								538.8