PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of the Salt Range	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Saintaugustinean					0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean					0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean					0.014
		Chibanian								Rancholabrean					0.129
		Chibanian								Irvingtonian					0.21
		Calabrian								Irvingtonian					0.774
		Calabrian								Blancan					1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean													3.6
										Hemphillian					4.7
												Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
										Clarendonian					9.4
												Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian													11.63
		Serravallian								Barstovian					12.5
		Langhian										Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
										Hemingfordian					16.3
										Hemingfordian		Xiejiaan			16.9
										Arikareean					18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
										Whitneyan					29.5
										Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian								Chadronian					33.9
		Priabonian								Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian								Duchesnean					37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian								Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian								Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian								Bridgerian					47.8
										Wasatchian					50.5
										Clarkforkian					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Clarkforkian					56
		Thanetian								Tiffanian					56.2
		Selandian								Tiffanian					59.2
		Selandian								Torrejonian					60.9
		Danian								Torrejonian					61.6
		Danian								Puercan					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian											Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian											Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian											Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian											Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian											Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Late Albian		100.5
													Middle Albian		106.2 *
													Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian											Late Aptian		113
		Aptian											Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian											Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian											Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian											Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian											Late Berriasian		139.8
													Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
													Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *									Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		174.7
				Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
				Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian		Sevatian		208.5
				Alaunian		213.2 *
				Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
				Griesbachian		251.4 *
				Griesbachian		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai	251.902
							252.4 *
						Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru	Longtanian †	254.14
						Kalabagh		255 *
						Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
								265.3 *
						Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb		266.9
		Roadian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian		Tavgian †			Ketyan †/Yurakian	Datsonian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10							Payntonian	Niuchehean		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian							Iverian	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Aksaian									490.7 *
			Sakian									492.2 *
		Paibian							Idamean	Paibian		494
								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Ayusokkanian					Mindyallan	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
					Ayusokkanian					Boomerangian			499
					Mayan/Menevian					Boomerangian			499.5
		Drumian								Undillan	Drumian		500.5
		Drumian								Floran	Drumian		503
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		Amgan/Solvan			Templetonian	Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †					Ordian	Wuliuan/Taijangian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4									Duyunian		509
							Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
							Toyonian						510.8 *
				Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian			Nangaoian				514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian			Nangaoian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian			Meishucunian				521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian						Manykaian †			529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian	Manykaian †			530.7
															538.8