PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Siberia			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of China	Devonian Subages	Permian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian										Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian										Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian										Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian										Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													2.58
		Zanclean														3.6
		Zanclean										Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian										Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5			Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian										Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
												Hemingfordian				16.3
												Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4							23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
												Whitneyan				29.5
												Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3			Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian										Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian										Duchesnean				37.71
		Bartonian										Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2			Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian										Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian										Bridgerian				47.8
												Wasatchian				50.5
												Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1			Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian										Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian										Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian										Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian										Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian										Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4							100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3							113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6							145
		Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5							149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4							165.3
		Bajocian							Jurassic 4							168.2
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3							174.7
		Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2							184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1	Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian				Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Lengwuan	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Kuhfengian	Wordian	264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kuhfengian	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2			Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian							Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian								283.5
							Longlinian			285.4 *
								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian							Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1			Zisongian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5			Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5						Late Famennian	358.9
										Middle Famennian	365.3 *
										Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Devonian 4						Late Frasnian	372.2
										Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
										Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3						Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian								Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian								Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2						Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	Devonian 2						398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian						410.8
				Middle Lochkovian						412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian						415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5							445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2							470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian							Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian										489.5
			Aksaian										490.7 *
			Sakian										492.2 *
		Paibian											494
		Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †							Ayusokkanian			Cambrian 4	497
										Ayusokkanian				Arcadian	498.4
										Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †					Amgan/Solvan			Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Amgan/Solvan				Branchian	509
										Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
										Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian			Cambrian 2		514
										Atdabanian					515.6 *
						Placentian				Atdabanian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian				521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian								Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		Cambrian 1	529
																538.8