PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of West Avalonia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean											0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean											0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean		Late Pleistocene									0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean		Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Chibanian						Irvingtonian		Middle Pleistocene									0.21
		Calabrian						Irvingtonian		Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Calabrian						Blancan											1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †						Yushean	Late Pliocene									2.58
		Zanclean								Early Pliocene									3.6
								Hemphillian											4.7
									Baodean										4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
								Clarendonian											9.4
									Tunggurian										11.1
		Serravallian								Middle Miocene									11.63
		Serravallian						Barstovian											12.5
		Langhian							Shanwangian										13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene									15.98
								Hemingfordian											16.3
								Hemingfordian	Xiejiaan										16.9
								Arikareean											18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene									23.03
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene									27.82
								Whitneyan											29.5
								Orellan											31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian		Late Eocene									33.9
		Priabonian						Duchesnean		Late Eocene									37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean		Middle Eocene									37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan											39.7
		Lutetian						Uintan											41.2
		Lutetian						Bridgerian											46.2
		Ypresian						Bridgerian		Early Eocene									47.8
								Wasatchian											50.5
								Clarkforkian											54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Clarkforkian		Late Paleocene									56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian		Late Paleocene									56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian		Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian		Middle Paleocene									60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian		Early Paleocene									61.6
		Danian						Puercan		Early Paleocene									63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju		Porkuni		443.8
		Katian				Gamachian			Pirgu		445.2
						Richmondian			Pirgu		446 *
			Vormsi			Richmondian		449.6 *
			Vormsi			Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
			Nabala			Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
			Nabala			Edenian				450.4 *
			Viru			Edenian	Rakvere			450.6 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian	Rakvere			451.1 *
							Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian					Keila		Idavere †	453
						Turinian	Keila			453.7 *
							Haljala			453.9
							Kukruse			456.4 *
					Whiterockian		Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku				458.4
							Lasnamagi				458.9 *
							Aseri				460.4 *
			Oeland				Kunda				462.9 *
							Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										467.3
						Rangerian						469.1 *
						Rangerian	Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
									Latorp †				470.1 *
							Hunneberg						473.7 *
						Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean							477.7
						Stairsian							480.3 *
						Stairsian	Varangu						481.3 *
						Skullrockian	Varangu					Demingian †	482 *
							Pakerort						482.2 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian				Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian			485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
				Payntonian											486.8 *
				Payntonian											487.5
		Jiangshanian		Iverian											489.5
									Aksaian						490.7 *
									Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian		Idamean											494
		Paibian		Idamean								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †				Mindyallan	Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian						497
								Mindyallan								Arcadian	498.4
								Boomerangian									499
								Boomerangian		Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian						Undillan									500.5
		Drumian						Floran									503
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		Templetonian							Amgan/Solvan	504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		Ordian								507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4							Branchian							Early Cambrian		509
												Toyonian					Lenian †	510 *
												Toyonian						510.8 *
												Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3										Botomian						514
												Atdabanian						515.6 *
									Placentian			Atdabanian						517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Tommotian						521
		Stage 2										Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian										Nemakit-Daldynian					Manykaian †	529
																			538.8