PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of China		Devonian of Eastern North America		Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian									Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian									Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian									Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian									Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean																	3.6
											Hemphillian								4.7
																Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
											Clarendonian								9.4
																Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian								Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Serravallian									Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian														Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
											Hemingfordian								16.3
											Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan			16.9
											Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4									23.03
		Rupelian																	27.82
											Whitneyan								29.5
											Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3	Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian									Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian									Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian									Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2	Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian									Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian									Bridgerian								47.8
											Wasatchian								50.5
											Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian									Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian									Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian									Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian									Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian									Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian								Cretaceous 7							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian								Cretaceous 6							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian															Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian															Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4							Late Albian		100.5
																	Middle Albian		106.2 *
																	Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian								Cretaceous 3							Late Aptian		113
		Aptian								Cretaceous 3							Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian								Cretaceous 2							Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian								Cretaceous 1							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian															Late Berriasian		139.8
																	Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																	Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Jurassic 6							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *					Jurassic 6								Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian		174.7
					Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
					Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian			Sevatian		208.5
					Alaunian		213.2 *
					Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian			Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian		242
					Pelsonian		243.8 *
					Bithynian		244.7 *
					Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian		251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian				Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian				Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian				Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian						Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian						Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian						Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ordovician 2	470
		Tremadocian				Ordovician 1		477.7
		Tremadocian				Ordovician 1		Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	Cambrian 5	Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10				Niuchehean				Payntonian				486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian				Iverian				489.5
											Aksaian			490.7 *
											Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian				Paibian				Idamean				494
													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
								Waergangian †/Youshuanian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Cambrian 4	Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			497
											Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian			499
											Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian						Drumian			Undillan				500.5
		Drumian						Drumian			Floran				503
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian		Cambrian 3	Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian			Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian							509
												Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
												Toyonian			510.8 *
												Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3						Nangaoian		Cambrian 2		Botomian			514
		Stage 3						Nangaoian				Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian				Tommotian			521
		Stage 2										Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian								Cambrian 1			Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian						Jinnigian		Cambrian 1			Manykaian †		530.7
																			538.8