PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of China		Mesozoic Subages		North American Land Mammal Ages	Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian								Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian								Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian								Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian								Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											2.58
		Zanclean												3.6
		Zanclean								Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian								Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian								Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian								Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
										Hemingfordian				16.3
										Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
										Whitneyan				29.5
										Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian								Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian								Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian								Duchesnean				37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian								Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian								Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian								Bridgerian				47.8
										Wasatchian				50.5
										Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian								Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian								Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian								Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian								Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian								Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Late Albian						100.5
								Middle Albian						106.2 *
								Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian						Late Aptian						113
		Aptian						Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian						Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian						139.8
								Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
								Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian						Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
				Late Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
				Early Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
							Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
						Kanense		181.3 *
						Carlottense		182.3 *
				Early Toarcian		Carlottense		182.9 *
				Early Toarcian		Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
						Freboldi		185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian		Sevatian					208.5
				Alaunian					213.2 *
				Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian					227
		Carnian		Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian					237
		Ladinian		Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian					242
				Pelsonian					243.8 *
				Bithynian					244.7 *
				Aegean					245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian					247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian					248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian					251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian					251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill				Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc				Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian						467.3	Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn
		Dapingian			Arenig			Fennian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470		Fennian
						Whitlandian	471.1 *
						Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian			485.4
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					Paibian					494
		Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †			Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian						Drumian	Wangcunian †				500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †					Wuliuan/Taijangian					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian				Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3						Nangaoian					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian		529				Meishucunian
		Fortunian		Jinnigian				530.7
														538.8