PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of the Pamirs	Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian																					0.0042
		Greenlandian																					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene													Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian													Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian													Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian													Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian													Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian																					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																	Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean																					3.6
															Hemphillian								4.7
																				Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																					5.333
		Tortonian																					7.246
															Clarendonian								9.4
																				Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian												Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Serravallian													Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian																		Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian																					15.98
															Hemingfordian								16.3
															Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan			16.9
															Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian																					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Cenozoic 4									23.03
		Rupelian																					27.82
															Whitneyan								29.5
															Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian												Cenozoic 3	Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian													Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian													Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian													Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian												Cenozoic 2	Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian													Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian													Bridgerian								47.8
															Wasatchian								50.5
															Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian													Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian													Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian													Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian													Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian													Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Cretaceous 8							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian												Cretaceous 7							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian												Cretaceous 6							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian																			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian																			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian												Cretaceous 5							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Cretaceous 4							Late Albian		100.5
																					Middle Albian		106.2 *
																					Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian												Cretaceous 3							Late Aptian		113
		Aptian												Cretaceous 3							Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian												Cretaceous 2							Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian												Cretaceous 2							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian												Cretaceous 1							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian																			Late Berriasian		139.8
																					Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																					Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												Jurassic 6							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *									Jurassic 6								Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian		174.7
					Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
					Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian			Sevatian		208.5
					Alaunian		213.2 *
					Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian			Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian		242
					Pelsonian		243.8 *
					Bithynian		244.7 *
					Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian		251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †				Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian	259.51
		Wordian						Midian	264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian			Permian 3			Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian			Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian				283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian				286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian			Asselian			Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian						Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian					Gamachian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian		445.2
								Richmondian		446 *
						Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
						Edenian				450.4 *
			Mohawkian			Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian			Ordovician 4	453
						Turinian				453.7 *
			Whiterockian					Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Ordovician 3		458.4
		Dapingian							Ordovician 2		467.3
		Dapingian				Rangerian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean			Ungurian			Ordovician 1	477.7
						Stairsian							480.3 *
						Skullrockian					Demingian †		482 *
											Demingian †		Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian	Cambrian 5	Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
													Payntonian						486.8 *
													Payntonian						487.5
		Jiangshanian											Iverian				Jiangshanian		489.5
											Aksaian			Aksaian					490.7 *
											Sakian			Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian											Idamean				Paibian		494
																Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
																Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian	Cambrian 4	Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
												Ayusokkanian		Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian					499
														Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian					Undillan		Drumian				500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian					Floran		Drumian				503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			Tuesaian					Cambrian 3	Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan	Wuliuan/Taijangian				504.5
													Templetonian						505.3
													Ordian						507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4													Duyunian				509
							Toyonian							Toyonian		Lenian †			510 *
							Toyonian							Toyonian					510.8 *
							Botomian							Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian					Cambrian 2		Botomian	Nangaoian				514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian							Atdabanian	Nangaoian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian							Tommotian	Meishucunian				521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian										Cambrian 1		Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian										Cambrian 1		Manykaian †	Jinnigian	530.7
																							538.8