PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America					Devonian of Eastern North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Senonian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian	66
		Campanian															Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
		Santonian															Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian															Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian															Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian															Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Gallic				Late Albian			100.5
																	Middle Albian			106.2 *
																	Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian															Late Aptian			113
		Aptian															Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian															Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian											Neocomian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian															Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian															Late Berriasian			139.8
																	Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
																	Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian															Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian															Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian															Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian															Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian																Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian															Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian													Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian			168.2
																Humphresianum	Late Bajocian			168.4
																Humphresianum	Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian													Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Late Toarcian			174.7
																	Late Toarcian			180.1
																	Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
															Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Middle Toarcian			182
															Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian													Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian													Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian													Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian															Sevatian			208.5
																	Alaunian			213.2 *
																	Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian															Tuvalian			227
		Carnian															Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															Longobardian			237
		Ladinian															Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian															Illyrian			242
																	Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian	259.51
		Wordian				Midian	264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian				Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
									Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
									Richmondian		Vormsi	449.6 *
									Maysvillian		Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Maysvillian		Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
									Edenian		Nabala			450.4 *
									Edenian	Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		Rakvere			451.1 *
											Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian									Keila		Idavere †	453
									Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
											Haljala			453.9
											Kukruse			456.4 *
								Whiterockian			Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Uhaku				458.4
											Lasnamagi				458.9 *
											Aseri				460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
											Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
											Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian														467.3
					Rangerian				469.1 *
					Rangerian				Billingen		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †			Cassinian †			470
													Latorp †		470.1 *
									Hunneberg						473.7 *
					Tulean										473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean										477.7
					Stairsian										480.3 *
					Stairsian				Varangu						481.3 *
					Skullrockian				Varangu		Demingian †				482 *
									Pakerort		Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort						485.4
									486.3 *
										486.5
										487.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †					497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
																				509