PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous of North America	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Siberia	Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian														Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian														Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian														Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													Late Pliocene						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian														Late Miocene						7.246
		Serravallian														Middle Miocene						11.63
		Langhian														Middle Miocene						13.82
		Burdigalian														Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian														Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian														Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian														Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian														Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian														Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian														Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			Senonian	66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																			Gallic	100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																			Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian												Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
														Kawhia	Ohauan							150
															Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Callovian													Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian																				168.2
		Aalenian																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
		Toarcian												Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian													Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian													Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian																				192.9
		Hettangian																				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian													Warepan							208.5
															Otamitan							217
															Oretian							221
		Carnian													Oretian							227
		Carnian												Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian													Etalian							238
		Anisian													Etalian							242
		Anisian													Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													Malakovian		Vokhmian					247.2
		Olenekian													Nelsonian							249
		Induan													Nelsonian							251.2
		Induan												DUrville	Makarewan							251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Buntsandstein		Makarewan							251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Leine		Flettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian			Leine		Barettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266
		Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Kungurian					Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian					Mangapirian		283.5
							Telfordian		285
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian							Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian							Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian							Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian							Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian							Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian						323.2
		Visean	Chesterian						330.9
			Meramecian						335.8 *
			Osagean						343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean						346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian						351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
										Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
											Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian					450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
												Cheneyan			451.5 *
												Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian													453
													Actonian †		453.2 *
										Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
													Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †			455.2 *
												Aurelucian				456.8 *
									Whiterockian					Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
											Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
										Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
				Whitlandian						Blackhillsian		471.1 *
				Whitlandian						Tulean		473.9 *
				Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
					Migneintian			Stairsian		480.3 *
					Cressagian			Stairsian		480.8 *
								Skullrockian		Demingian †	482 *
											Mansian †	483.55 *
						485 *					Mansian †
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10									Niuchehean							487.5
		Jiangshanian									Jiangshanian							489.5
														Aksaian				490.7 *
														Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian									Paibian							494
																	Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
												Waergangian †/Youshuanian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	Guzhangian		Wangcunian †		Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian										Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian										Drumian				Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †		Wuliuan/Taijangian					Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Duyunian					Amgan/Solvan	509
																	Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
																	Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian											514			Botomian
		Stage 3	Nangaoian											Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian											Tommotian					521
		Stage 2												Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian															Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian														Manykaian †		530.7
																						538.8