PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean									0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean									0.0004
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean		Late Pleistocene							0.014
		Chibanian									Rancholabrean		Middle Pleistocene							0.129
											Irvingtonian									0.21
										Castlecliffian										0.34
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene							0.774
											Blancan									1.4
										Nukumaruan										1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan										1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian										2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Mangapanian		Yushean	Late Pliocene							2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian			Late Pliocene							3
		Zanclean								Waipipian			Early Pliocene							3.6
										Opoitian										3.7
											Hemphillian									4.7
												Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean			Late Miocene							5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan										7.2
		Tortonian																		7.246
											Clarendonian									9.4
									Southland	Waiauan										11.04
												Tunggurian								11.1
		Serravallian											Middle Miocene							11.63
											Barstovian									12.5
										Lillburnian										13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian		Shanwangian								13.82
										Clifdenian										15.1
									Pareora	Altonian										15.9
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene							15.98
											Hemingfordian									16.3
											Hemingfordian	Xiejiaan								16.9
											Arikareean									18.5
										Otaian										18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian										20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian										21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian			Late Oligocene							23.03
										Duntroonian										25.2
										Whaingaroan										27.3
		Rupelian											Early Oligocene							27.82
											Whitneyan									29.5
											Orellan									31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian									Chadronian		Late Eocene							33.9
									Arnold	Runangan										34.6
										Kaiatan										36.7
											Duchesnean									37
		Bartonian											Middle Eocene							37.71
										Bortonian										39.1
											Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian																		41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
										Heretaungan										45.7
											Bridgerian									46.2
		Ypresian											Early Eocene							47.8
										Mangaorapan										48.9
										Mangaorapan	Wasatchian									50.5
										Waipawan	Wasatchian									52
										Waipawan	Clarkforkian									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian	Clarkforkian		Late Paleocene							56
		Thanetian									Tiffanian		Late Paleocene							56.2
		Selandian									Tiffanian		Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian	60.9								Middle Paleocene
		Danian		Torrejonian	Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian		Puercan	Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian			Korangan			113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian							Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
			Chientangkiangian							Richmondian			446 *
			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang										449.5
												Vormsi	449.6 *
										Maysvillian		Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Maysvillian		Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
										Edenian		Nabala			450.4 *
										Edenian	Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		Rakvere			451.1 *
					Oandu							452 *
		Sandbian			Keila							Idavere †		453
					Keila					Turinian				453.7 *
					Haljala									453.9
					Kukruse									456.4 *
				Whiterockian	Kukruse					Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
					Uhaku							Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Uhaku	Guniu †/Hulo								458.4
					Lasnamagi									458.9 *
					Aseri									460.4 *
					Oeland						Kunda			462.9 *
												Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
						Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo							466.3 *
											Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian												467.3
									Rangerian						469.1 *
									Rangerian		Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian	Ibexian					Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
												Latorp †				470.1 *
											Hunneberg					473.7 *
									Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian													477.7
							Lianghekou †									477.9 *
									Stairsian							480.3 *
									Stairsian		Varangu					481.3 *
								Skullrockian	Demingian †		Varangu				482 *
											Pakerort				482.2 *
															Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian				485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																	487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
										Aksaian							490.7 *
										Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian															494
		Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	Middle Cambrian		Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian										Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian										Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †						Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Early Cambrian						Amgan/Solvan	509
													Toyonian					Lenian †	510 *
													Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3											Botomian						514
		Stage 3											Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Tommotian						521
		Stage 2											Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian											Nemakit-Daldynian					Manykaian †	529
																				538.8