PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America					Permian of the Russian Platform		North American Land Mammal Ages	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																Saintaugustinean		0
		Meghalayan																Santarosean		0.0004
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian													0.0117
		Late Pleistocene																Rancholabrean		0.014
		Chibanian																Rancholabrean		0.129
		Chibanian																Irvingtonian		0.21
		Calabrian																Irvingtonian		0.774
		Calabrian																Blancan		1.4
		Gelasian																	MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Yushean												MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian																	MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean																	MN 15	3.6
																			MN 14	4.2
																		Hemphillian	MN 14	4.7
							Baodean												MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian																	MN 12	7.246
																			MN 11	7.75
																			MN 10	8.7
																		Clarendonian	MN 10	9.4
																			MN 9	9.7
							Tunggurian												MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian																		11.63
																		Barstovian		12.5
																			MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian					Shanwangian												MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian																	MN 4	15.98
																		Hemingfordian	MN 4	16.3
							Xiejiaan											Hemingfordian	MN 3	16.9
																		Arikareean	MN 3	18.5
																			MN 2	20
		Aquitanian																	MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian																	MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
		Rupelian																		27.82
																		Whitneyan		29.5
																		Orellan		31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian																Chadronian		33.9
		Priabonian																Duchesnean		37
		Bartonian																Duchesnean		37.71
		Bartonian																Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian																Uintan		41.2
		Lutetian																Bridgerian		46.2
		Ypresian																Bridgerian		47.8
																		Wasatchian		50.5
																		Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian																Clarkforkian		56
		Thanetian																Tiffanian		56.2
		Selandian																Tiffanian		59.2
		Selandian																Torrejonian		60.9
		Danian																Torrejonian		61.6
		Danian																Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian				Urzhumian		264.28
		Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
						Filipovian		276.5 *
						Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
						Irginian		285.9 *
						Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
			Eastonian							Richmondian	449 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Gisbornian									452 *
		Sandbian										453
										Turinian		453.7 *
									Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian										458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian										467.3
			Castlemainian										468.5 *
			Castlemainian							Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Bendigonian											471.8 *
			Lancefieldian											473.5 *
										Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian								Tulean				477.7
										Stairsian				480.3 *
										Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
			Warendian											482.8 *
			Warendian											Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10															Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
				Aksaian							490.7 *
				Sakian							492.2 *
											Steptoean						493 *
		Paibian															494
		Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †							Ayusokkanian					Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian									Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †					Amgan/Solvan		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †							Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4															Waucoban †		509
												Toyonian				Lenian †			510 *
												Toyonian						Dyeran	511 *
												Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3																	514
					Montezuman	514.8 *
					Montezuman	Atdabanian										515.6 *
					Begadean	Atdabanian										519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian										521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian						Manykaian †				529
																				538.8