PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian of the Baltic	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of China	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Saintaugustinean						0
		Meghalayan							Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean						0.014
		Chibanian							Rancholabrean						0.129
		Chibanian							Irvingtonian						0.21
		Calabrian							Irvingtonian						0.774
		Calabrian							Blancan						1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												2.58
		Zanclean													3.6
		Zanclean							Hemphillian						4.7
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian					Pannonian								7.246
		Tortonian					Pannonian		Clarendonian						9.4
		Serravallian					Sarmatian		Clarendonian						11.63
							Sarmatian		Barstovian						12.5
							Badenian								12.8 *
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
									Hemingfordian						16.3
									Arikareean						18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
									Whitneyan						29.5
									Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian						33.9
		Priabonian							Duchesnean						37
		Bartonian							Duchesnean						37.71
		Bartonian							Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian							Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian							Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian							Bridgerian						47.8
									Wasatchian						50.5
									Clarkforkian						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Clarkforkian						56
		Thanetian							Tiffanian						56.2
		Selandian							Tiffanian						59.2
		Selandian							Torrejonian						60.9
		Danian							Torrejonian						61.6
		Danian							Puercan						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian											Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian											Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian											Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian											Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian											Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Late Albian		100.5
													Middle Albian		106.2 *
													Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian											Late Aptian		113
		Aptian											Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian											Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian											Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian											Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian											Late Berriasian		139.8
													Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
													Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian											Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian											Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian	152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian		168.2
						Late Bajocian		Humphresianum		168.4
						Early Bajocian		Humphresianum		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		Thouarsense		Late Toarcian		174.7
								Late Toarcian		180.1
								Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				Middle Toarcian		182
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian						Sevatian		208.5
								Alaunian		213.2 *
							Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian	227
		Carnian					Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian	237
		Ladinian					Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian	242
							Pelsonian	243.8 *
							Bithynian	244.7 *
							Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian	251.2
		Induan					Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian			251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †			Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †			Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Lengwuan	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian								Kuhfengian	Wordian	264.28
		Roadian								Kuhfengian	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian										Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian											283.5
										Longlinian			285.4 *
			Wolfcampian						Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian							Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian							Zisongian	Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Zisongian		Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Kasimovian										305.9
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
		Visean										330.9
		Tournaisian										346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian										410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli											Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian										Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			425.6							Paadla
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula							427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu							429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu							430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani							431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani							433.4
		Telychian			Adavere							434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian							443.8
		Katian			Bolindian							445.2
					Eastonian							449 *
				Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian		Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian		Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian		Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian	470
				Bendigonian	471.8 *
				Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	477.7
		Tremadocian		Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †							497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					504.5
															509