PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of North America						Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan														Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene			Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene			Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene			Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian														Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										Late Pliocene				2.58
		Zanclean											Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean											Early Pliocene			Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Tortonian														Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian											Middle Miocene			Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian														Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene				15.98
																Hemingfordian	16.3
																Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Late Oligocene				23.03
		Rupelian											Early Oligocene				27.82
																Whitneyan	29.5
																Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian											Late Eocene			Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian											Late Eocene			Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian											Middle Eocene			Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian														Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian														Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian														Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian											Early Eocene			Bridgerian	47.8
																Wasatchian	50.5
																Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Late Paleocene			Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian											Late Paleocene			Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene			Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene			Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian											Early Paleocene			Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian											Early Paleocene			Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian				305.9
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	445.2
			Richmondian					446 *
			Richmondian			Eastonian		449 *
			Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
			Edenian						450.4 *
			Mohawkian				Chatfieldian		451.1 *
						Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian							453
							Turinian		453.7 *
			Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian				458.4
		Dapingian				Yapeenian				467.3
						Castlemainian				468.5 *
						Castlemainian	Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Bendigonian								471.8 *
			Lancefieldian								473.5 *
							Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean				477.7
							Stairsian				480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
			Warendian							Demingian †	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian											Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian										Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †								Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †								Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Delamaran	Waucoban †	Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4										Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3										Dyeran			514
												Montezuman			514.8 *
												Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																	538.8