PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Silurian of North America			Cambrian of Siberia			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of China	Devonian Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan														Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene														Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian														Rancholabrean			0.129
		Chibanian														Irvingtonian			0.21
		Calabrian														Irvingtonian			0.774
		Calabrian														Blancan			1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
		Zanclean																	3.6
		Zanclean														Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian														Clarendonian			9.4
		Serravallian											Cenozoic 5			Clarendonian			11.63
		Serravallian														Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
																Hemingfordian			16.3
																Arikareean			18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4						23.03
		Rupelian																	27.82
																Whitneyan			29.5
																Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian											Cenozoic 3			Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian														Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian														Duchesnean			37.71
		Bartonian														Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian											Cenozoic 2			Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian														Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian														Bridgerian			47.8
																Wasatchian			50.5
																Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Cenozoic 1			Clarkforkian			56
		Thanetian														Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian														Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian														Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian														Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian														Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Cretaceous 8						66
		Campanian											Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian											Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian											Cretaceous 5						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Cretaceous 4						100.5
		Aptian											Cretaceous 3						113
		Barremian											Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian											Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian											Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian											Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian											Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian											Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian											Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian											Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian											Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1	Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian				Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Lengwuan	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Kuhfengian	Wordian	264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kuhfengian	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2			Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian							Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian								283.5
							Longlinian			285.4 *
								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian							Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1			Zisongian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5			Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5						Late Famennian	358.9
										Middle Famennian	365.3 *
										Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Devonian 4						Late Frasnian	372.2
										Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
										Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3						Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian								Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian								Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2						Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	Devonian 2						398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian						410.8
				Middle Lochkovian						412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian						415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan	Silurian 2							419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran								422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian							Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan	Clinton									440.1 *
													440.7 *
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian										Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Bolindian											445.2
			Eastonian											449 *
			Gisbornian											452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian										Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian										Ordovician 3	458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian										Ordovician 2	467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian											468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian											470
			Bendigonian											471.8 *
			Lancefieldian											473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian										Ordovician 1	477.7
			Warendian											482.8 *
			Warendian											Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian											Batyrbaian				489.5
													Aksaian				490.7 *
					Sakian								492.2 *
		Paibian											494
		Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian									Cambrian 4	497
						Ayusokkanian										Arcadian	498.4
						Mayan/Menevian											499.5
		Drumian				Mayan/Menevian											500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †									Amgan/Solvan		Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Amgan/Solvan	Branchian		509
													Toyonian		Lenian †			510 *
								Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3					Cambrian 2	Botomian	514
								Atdabanian					515.6 *
								Atdabanian					Placentian		517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian							521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian					Manykaian †	Nemakit-Daldynian	Cambrian 1						529
																			538.8