PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Permian of the Pamirs	Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian of the Baltic	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of China	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Saintaugustinean						0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean						0.014
		Chibanian								Rancholabrean						0.129
		Chibanian								Irvingtonian						0.21
		Calabrian								Irvingtonian						0.774
		Calabrian								Blancan						1.4
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													2.58
		Zanclean														3.6
		Zanclean								Hemphillian						4.7
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian						Pannonian								7.246
		Tortonian						Pannonian		Clarendonian						9.4
		Serravallian						Sarmatian		Clarendonian						11.63
								Sarmatian		Barstovian						12.5
								Badenian								12.8 *
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
										Hemingfordian						16.3
										Arikareean						18.5
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
										Whitneyan						29.5
										Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian								Chadronian						33.9
		Priabonian								Duchesnean						37
		Bartonian								Duchesnean						37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian								Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian								Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian								Bridgerian						47.8
										Wasatchian						50.5
										Clarkforkian						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Clarkforkian						56
		Thanetian								Tiffanian						56.2
		Selandian								Tiffanian						59.2
		Selandian								Torrejonian						60.9
		Danian								Torrejonian						61.6
		Danian								Puercan						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian												Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian												Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian												Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian												Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian												Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Late Albian		100.5
														Middle Albian		106.2 *
														Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian												Late Aptian		113
		Aptian												Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian												Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian												Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian												Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian												Late Berriasian		139.8
														Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
														Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian												Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian												Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian	152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian	168.2
						Late Bajocian	Humphresianum		168.4
						Early Bajocian	Humphresianum		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		Thouarsense	Late Toarcian		174.7
							Late Toarcian		180.1
							Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			Middle Toarcian		182
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian					Sevatian		208.5
							Alaunian		213.2 *
							Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian	227
		Carnian					Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian	237
		Ladinian					Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian	242
							Pelsonian	243.8 *
							Bithynian	244.7 *
							Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian	251.2
		Induan					Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian	Meishanian			251.902
		Changhsingian					Dorashamian	Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Dzhulfian			Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Dzhulfian			Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian			Lengwuan	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian						Midian			Kuhfengian	Wordian	264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian				Wordian	266.2 *
		Roadian						Murgabian				Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian			Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
								Bolorian					Cathedralian	279.8
													Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian	283.5
			Longlinian							285.4 *
								Yakhtashian		286
								Yakhtashian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian					Zisongian			Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Zisongian				Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian											300.1
		Kasimovian											303.7
		Kasimovian											305.9
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
		Visean											330.9
		Tournaisian											346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian											387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian											393.3
		Pragian											407.6
		Lochkovian											410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma								421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare								423
		Ludfordian			Paadla								423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula								427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu								429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu								430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian		443.8
		Katian		Bolindian		445.2
				Eastonian		449 *
				Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian		Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian		Yapeenian		467.3
		Dapingian		Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian		470
				Bendigonian		471.8 *
				Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Lancefieldian		477.7
		Tremadocian		Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †			497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †		504.5
																509