PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Permian of the Pamirs	Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan							Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian							Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian							Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian							Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian							Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean															3.6
									Hemphillian								4.7
														Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
									Clarendonian								9.4
														Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Serravallian							Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian												Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
									Hemingfordian								16.3
									Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan			16.9
									Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4									23.03
		Rupelian															27.82
									Whitneyan								29.5
									Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3	Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian							Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian							Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian							Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2	Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian							Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian							Bridgerian								47.8
									Wasatchian								50.5
									Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian							Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian							Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian							Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian							Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian							Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian						Cretaceous 7							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian						Cretaceous 6							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian													Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian													Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4							Late Albian		100.5
															Middle Albian		106.2 *
															Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3							Late Aptian		113
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3							Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian						Cretaceous 2							Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian						Cretaceous 1							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian													Late Berriasian		139.8
															Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
															Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *			Jurassic 6								Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian		174.7
					Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
					Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian			Sevatian		208.5
					Alaunian		213.2 *
					Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian			Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian		242
					Pelsonian		243.8 *
					Bithynian		244.7 *
					Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian		251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †				Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian		259.51
		Wordian						Midian		264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian			Permian 3			Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian			Permian 2		273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian					279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian					283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian					286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian			Asselian			Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian						Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian					Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Bolindian						445.2
			Eastonian						449 *
			Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian			Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3		458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian			Ordovician 2		467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian					470
			Bendigonian					471.8 *
			Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian			Ordovician 1		477.7
			Warendian					482.8 *
			Warendian					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5		Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10						Payntonian				Niuchehean		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian						Iverian				Jiangshanian		489.5
									Aksaian					490.7 *
									Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian						Idamean				Paibian		494
											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †		Cambrian 4	Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
									Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian					499
									Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian							Undillan				Drumian		500.5
		Drumian							Floran				Drumian		503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †				Cambrian 3	Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †					Ordian				Wuliuan/Taijangian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4											Duyunian		509
							Toyonian			Lenian †	510 *
							Toyonian				510.8 *
							Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian	Cambrian 2			Nangaoian		514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian				Nangaoian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian				Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian						Cambrian 1		Manykaian †			529
		Fortunian						Cambrian 1		Manykaian †	Jinnigian		530.7
																	538.8