PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean									0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean									0.0004
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean		Late Pleistocene							0.014
		Chibanian										Rancholabrean		Middle Pleistocene							0.129
												Irvingtonian									0.21
											Castlecliffian										0.34
		Calabrian												Early Pleistocene							0.774
												Blancan									1.4
											Nukumaruan										1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan										1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian										2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Mangapanian		Yushean	Late Pliocene							2.58
		Piacenzian									Waipipian			Late Pliocene							3
		Zanclean									Waipipian			Early Pliocene							3.6
											Opoitian										3.7
												Hemphillian									4.7
													Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean			Late Miocene							5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan										7.2
		Tortonian																			7.246
												Clarendonian									9.4
										Southland	Waiauan										11.04
													Tunggurian								11.1
		Serravallian												Middle Miocene							11.63
												Barstovian									12.5
											Lillburnian										13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian		Shanwangian								13.82
											Clifdenian										15.1
										Pareora	Altonian										15.9
		Burdigalian												Early Miocene							15.98
												Hemingfordian									16.3
												Hemingfordian	Xiejiaan								16.9
												Arikareean									18.5
											Otaian										18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian										20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian										21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian			Late Oligocene							23.03
											Duntroonian										25.2
											Whaingaroan										27.3
		Rupelian												Early Oligocene							27.82
												Whitneyan									29.5
												Orellan									31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian										Chadronian		Late Eocene							33.9
										Arnold	Runangan										34.6
											Kaiatan										36.7
												Duchesnean									37
		Bartonian												Middle Eocene							37.71
											Bortonian										39.1
												Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian																			41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
											Heretaungan										45.7
												Bridgerian									46.2
		Ypresian												Early Eocene							47.8
											Mangaorapan										48.9
											Mangaorapan	Wasatchian									50.5
											Waipawan	Wasatchian									52
											Waipawan	Clarkforkian									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian	Clarkforkian		Late Paleocene							56
		Thanetian										Tiffanian		Late Paleocene							56.2
		Selandian										Tiffanian		Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian	60.9									Middle Paleocene
		Danian		Torrejonian	Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian		Puercan	Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian			Korangan			113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian				Gamachian			Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
							Richmondian				Pirgu	446 *
											Vormsi	449.6 *
			Berounian									449.7 *
							Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Maysvillian				Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
							Edenian				Nabala			450.4 *
							Edenian		Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				Rakvere			451.1 *
					Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian			Keila						Idavere †		453
					Keila		Turinian						453.7 *
					Haljala								453.9
					Haljala								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Kukruse	456.4 *
				Kukruse	Whiterockian		Canadian †					Chazyan †/Marmor			457 *
				Uhaku							Aluoja †				457.5 *
										Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
			Dobrotivian												458.5 *
			Dobrotivian	Lasnamagi											458.9 *
			Oretanian	Lasnamagi											459.7 *
				Aseri											460.4 *
				Aseri						Sarka †					461.7 *
				Oeland					Kunda						462.9 *
									Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
									Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †						467.3
			Arenigian													468
						Rangerian										469.1 *
						Rangerian			Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †				Cassinian †	470
											Latorp †						470.1 *
									Hunneberg								473.7 *
						Tulean		473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Tulean				477.7
						Stairsian				480.3 *
						Stairsian			Varangu	481.3 *
						Skullrockian			Varangu	Demingian †						482 *
									Pakerort							482.2 *
																Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian						485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
																		487.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
										Aksaian								490.7 *
										Sakian								492.2 *
		Paibian																494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †			Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian								497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian									Mayan/Menevian								500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †								Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Early Cambrian								Amgan/Solvan	509
												Toyonian							Lenian †	510 *
												Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3										Botomian								514
		Stage 3										Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Tommotian								521
		Stage 2										Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian										Nemakit-Daldynian							Manykaian †	529
																					538.8