PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of North America		Permian of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	European Faunal Zones	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian															Lujanian		0.129
																	Ensenadan		0.3 *
														Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian												Castlecliffian					0.774
														Nukumaruan					1.63
																	Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian														MN 17			1.8
		Gelasian												Mangapanian		MN 17			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													MN 16	Vorohuean		2.58
																	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
														Waipipian					3
																MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean																	3.6
														Opoitian			Montehermosan		3.7 *
																MN 14	Montehermosan		4.2
																MN 13	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian											Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian												Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian														MN 12			7.246
																MN 11			7.75
																MN 11	Chasicoan		7.9 *
																MN 10			8.7
																MN 9			9.7
																	Mayoan		9.9 *
																	Laventan		10.9 *
													Southland	Waiauan					11.04
																MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian														MN 7 + 8			11.63
																MN 6			12.8 *
														Lillburnian					13.05
																	Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian														MN 5			13.82
														Clifdenian					15.1
														Clifdenian			Friasian		15.4 *
													Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian														MN 4			15.98
																MN 4	Santacrucian		16.2 *
																MN 3	Santacrucian		16.9
																	Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
														Otaian					18.7
																MN 2			20
		Aquitanian																	20.44
																	Deseadan		20.9 *
													Landon	Waitakian					21.7
																MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
														Duntroonian					25.2
														Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
		Rupelian															Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
													Arnold	Runangan					34.6
														Runangan			Divisaderan		35.9 *
														Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian												Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian												Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian																	41.2
																	Mustersan		41.9 *
													Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
														Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian		47.8
				Casamayoran	47.9 *
					Mangaorapan	48.9
					Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Riochican	56
					Itaboraian	56.9 *
					Peligran	58.9 *
		Selandian				59.2
		Danian				61.6
		Danian			Tiupampan	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian			Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
					Mangaotanean		90.5
					Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian			Korangan		113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Laoshanian	Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Laibinian	Zechstein	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Lengwuan	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian						Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian						Kuhfengian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian						Luodianian	Autunian	283.5
		Artinskian						Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian						Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian						Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Late Famennian	358.9
											Middle Famennian	365.3 *
											Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian								Adorf	Late Frasnian	372.2
											Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
											Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian			Late Givetian				382.7
						Middle Givetian				383.7 *
						Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian	Eifelian			Late Eifelian				387.7
		Eifelian	Eifelian			Early Eifelian				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian			Late Emsian				393.3
		Emsian	Emsian			Early Emsian				398.3 *
		Pragian	Siegen			Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine			Late Lochkovian				410.8
						Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian					443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †					445.2
		Katian		Berounian						449.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
				Dobrotivian								458.5 *
				Oretanian								459.7 *
					Sarka †							461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †							467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian								468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian											Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian											Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †						Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †						Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4											Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran		514
													Montezuman		514.8 *
													Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																			538.8