PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of the Baltic				North American Land Mammal Ages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Siberia		Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean		Late Pleistocene						0.014
		Chibanian								Rancholabrean		Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Chibanian								Irvingtonian		Middle Pleistocene						0.21
		Calabrian								Irvingtonian		Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Calabrian								Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Yushean	Late Pliocene						2.58
		Zanclean										Early Pliocene						3.6
										Hemphillian								4.7
											Baodean							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
										Clarendonian								9.4
											Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian										Middle Miocene						11.63
		Serravallian								Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian									Shanwangian							13.82
		Burdigalian										Early Miocene						15.98
										Hemingfordian								16.3
										Hemingfordian	Xiejiaan							16.9
										Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene						23.03
		Rupelian										Early Oligocene						27.82
										Whitneyan								29.5
										Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian								Chadronian		Late Eocene						33.9
		Priabonian								Duchesnean		Late Eocene						37
		Bartonian								Duchesnean		Middle Eocene						37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian								Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian								Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian								Bridgerian		Early Eocene						47.8
										Wasatchian								50.5
										Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Clarkforkian		Late Paleocene						56
		Thanetian								Tiffanian		Late Paleocene						56.2
		Selandian								Tiffanian		Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Selandian								Torrejonian		Middle Paleocene						60.9
		Danian								Torrejonian		Early Paleocene						61.6
		Danian								Puercan		Early Paleocene						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu		Gamachian	445.2
						Pirgu		Richmondian	446 *
			Vormsi			449.6 *		Richmondian
			Vormsi			Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
			Nabala			Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
			Nabala			Edenian				450.4 *
			Viru		Rakvere	Edenian				450.6 *
					Rakvere	Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
					Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian			Keila				Idavere †	453
					Keila		Turinian			453.7 *
					Haljala					453.9
					Kukruse					456.4 *
					Kukruse	Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
					Uhaku				Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku						458.4
					Lasnamagi						458.9 *
					Aseri						460.4 *
			Oeland		Kunda						462.9 *
					Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
					Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										467.3
							Rangerian					469.1 *
					Billingen		Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
									Latorp †				470.1 *
					Hunneberg								473.7 *
							Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean						477.7
							Stairsian						480.3 *
					Varangu		Stairsian						481.3 *
					Varangu		Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
					Pakerort								482.2 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian			485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
									Aksaian						490.7 *
									Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †						Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Early Cambrian						Amgan/Solvan	509
												Toyonian				Lenian †	510 *
												Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3										Botomian					514
		Stage 3										Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Tommotian					521
		Stage 2										Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian										Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †	529
																		538.8