PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Ordovician of the Baltic				North American Land Mammal Ages	Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian Subages	Silurian of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan							Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Lujanian					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian							Rancholabrean							0.129
									Irvingtonian							0.21
											Ensenadan					0.3 *
		Calabrian														0.774
									Blancan							1.4
											Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian									Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Vorohuean					2.58
		Piacenzian									Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
		Zanclean									Chapadmalalan					3.6
											Montehermosan					3.7 *
									Hemphillian		Montehermosan					4.7
											Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian											Pannonian			7.246
											Chasicoan					7.9 *
									Clarendonian		Chasicoan					9.4
											Mayoan					9.9 *
											Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian											Sarmatian			11.63
									Barstovian				Sarmatian			12.5
													Badenian			12.8 *
											Colloncuran		Badenian			13.7 *
		Langhian									Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian									Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian									Friasian					15.98
											Santacrucian					16.2 *
									Hemingfordian		Santacrucian					16.3
									Hemingfordian		Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
									Arikareean							18.5
		Aquitanian														20.44
		Aquitanian									Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
											Tinguirirican					28.9 *
									Whitneyan							29.5
									Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian							33.9
									Chadronian		Divisaderan					35.9 *
									Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian							Duchesnean							37.71
		Bartonian							Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian														41.2
											Mustersan					41.9 *
									Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian														47.8
											Casamayoran					47.9 *
									Wasatchian							50.5
									Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Clarkforkian		Riochican					56
									Tiffanian		Riochican					56.2
											Itaboraian					56.9 *
											Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian														59.2
		Selandian							Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian														61.6
											Tiupampan					62.4 *
									Puercan		Tiupampan					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian			72.1
		Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			100.5
		Aptian			113
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian					Late Frasnian	372.2
							Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
							Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian					Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian		Pirgu					Gamachian	445.2
				Pirgu					Richmondian	446 *
				Vormsi					Richmondian	449.6 *
				Vormsi					Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Nabala					Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
				Nabala					Edenian			450.4 *
			Viru	Rakvere					Edenian			450.6 *
				Rakvere				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
				Oandu								452 *
		Sandbian		Keila							Idavere †	453
				Keila					Turinian			453.7 *
				Haljala								453.9
				Kukruse								456.4 *
				Kukruse				Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
				Uhaku							Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku									458.4
				Lasnamagi									458.9 *
				Aseri	460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda	462.9 *
				Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum						464.3 *
				Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
									Rangerian				469.1 *
				Billingen					Rangerian				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Latorp †									470.1 *
				Hunneberg										473.7 *
									Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean					477.7
									Stairsian					480.3 *
				Varangu					Stairsian					481.3 *
				Varangu		Skullrockian			Demingian †				482 *
				Pakerort					Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort									485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
													487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
																509